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解密长征:渡河战役中的小红军经历过怎样的青春

2016-08-31 09:42:48   北京青年报

大渡河,堪称红军的一条生死河,两岸高山连绵,河宽约300米,湍急的河水“哗哗哗”地卷起高高的白浪。中央红军3万人左右,顺利通过惊险的彝民聚居区。5月24日晚,先遣部队第一师第一团拿下大渡河安顺场渡口,夺得一只小木船。

漆黑的夜,如注的雨,奔腾喧嚣的江水。小屋内,团长杨得志绞尽脑汁:泅渡?河宽、水急、浪高、漩涡多,人一下水,就会被急流卷走;架桥?每秒四米的流速,别说立桥桩,就连插根木头也困难;船,只有一只……经过一夜的深思熟虑,上级已确定方案:组织精悍突击队船渡。“我参加。”“算我一个。”“我是共产党员!”“我是战斗模范。” “我也是共青团员。”陈万清挤进人群,大声嚷嚷,他上个月刚好入团了。

连长迅速组建了16人的突击队。在一旁的陈万清急得跺脚,不停地扯连长的衣襟:“昨晚,你不是,你不是答应过的吗?你……”连长想笑嘻嘻地哄哄陈万清,望着他稚气而认真的脸,却什么也说不出来。

很快就要出发了。突击队员雄赳赳站成两排,腰间捆满一圈手榴弹,手中操一挺机关枪,背后插一把大刀……刘伯承、聂荣臻首长检阅突击队,为之鼓劲、壮行……突然,“哇——呜——,我要去,我就是要去嘛!”一个小鬼冲到首长面前,一边哭天抹泪,一边跺地捶胸。不用说,是不知轻重的陈万清。

刘、聂看着团长,团长看着营长,营长看着连长熊尚林,熊尚林两眼望着天,天上的云洁净无比……团长杨得志打破僵局,向营长发话,营长一点头,陈万清立刻破涕为笑,得意洋洋地站进了突击队的行列。流芳千古的安顺场16勇士名单,最后加进了年龄最小、资历最浅的陈万清。

陈万清5个月前刚参军,是贵州的一个小“干人”,父母亲、所有乡亲都是被地主军阀的各种苛捐杂税榨得骨瘦如柴的“干人”。红军来了,“干人”们跟着红军轰轰烈烈打土豪,欢天喜地分财物。陈万清正在给地主家放羊,一股脑儿从山坡上冲下来,把羊全赶到急需补给的红军驻地。红军走时,陈万清背着一个小包裹,一鼓作气追上了部队。因为他记得连长说过,只有把地主军阀们消灭,“干人”们才能真正过上好日子。

陈万清,大名鼎鼎的安顺场17勇士之一,却在第二天的石门坎战斗中负重伤,然后被安置留在泸定县。在白色恐怖中,他更名改姓,后来迎来解放,平凡地活到2005年,享年81岁。

腊子河畔,“第一功臣”是否跌下了悬崖

中央红军长征路上最后的天险是腊子口。笔者在采访老红军时,听到过一个“长尾猿”的故事。“腊子”,藏语意为“山脊”,腊子口所在的“迭部”县,意为“大拇指”。腊子口,整个隘口长约30米,宽仅8米,水深约3丈。两边百丈悬崖如刀劈斧削,抬头只见一线青天。汹涌湍急的腊子河,从这道缝隙里扬长而去。“走过腊子口,活像过虎口。”红军北上,不打下天险腊子口,红军在政治、军事上将十分被动。

9月16日,红军先锋团日夜兼程来到腊子口。那里有唯一的一座小木桥,桥头白军重兵把守,“一夫当关,万夫莫开”。入夜时分,红军开始强攻,桥头堡50米地带,结成一片火网。红军伤亡惨重。团长、政委内心焦急:再多的兵力在腊子口前也没用!开会研究:侧面迂回,爬上腊子沟口侧面的悬崖峭壁,结合正面攻击,包抄夹击准行!

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