文化 > 非遗
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China

“御用铁锅”祖传600多年面临失传 海选传人

2016-07-29 10:44:46   广州日报

这里的铁锅究竟牛在哪里?在汪金元看来,首先是原材料上乘。这里的冶铁炉温度只有1300多摄氏度,是冷风炉,炼出来的是“生铁”。为了追求产量,现在的铁锅工艺一般是热风炉,炉温达到1600摄氏度,炼出来的是“熟铁”,其用料参差不齐。汪金元说, 30年前,萍乡生产优质焦煤和低硫、低磷的铁矿石。汪金元还是孩童时,就要跟着父亲到十多公里外的矿上去挑矿,一次挑100多斤,一天两个来回。先用焦煤和铁矿炼制出灰口铁,然后再用灰口铁铸造铁锅。如今,这种铁矿石已经被开挖殆尽。为了维持铁锅的高品质,他从不迁就,宁愿高价从河南运入纯度高的灰口铁矿。“所以,我们的铁锅低硫、低磷,高硅、高碳,重金属从来不会超标,质检部门都来检查过。”

其次,则是铸锅过程的精益求精。配料时,原煤、焦煤、生铁和辅助材料,按一定的比例放进去。这种“祖传秘方”外人根本无从掌握。

此外,在模具浇铸,也就是压锅阶段也有大学问。

“铁锅绝艺”面临失传

对于每一口铁锅,汪金元都有着近乎偏执的苛刻。有些铁锅,普通人根本看不出瑕疵,汪金元还是抡起一把大锤,一下把锅砸得稀烂,工人们看着都心疼。一如厂子里老旧的机械设备,在这里干活的也都是一些老伙计。铸锅厂厂长王海清说,如今厂里的十多名工人年龄最小的也有60岁,最大的已经70多岁,就连招的两个学徒工也是40多岁的中年人。如今愿意到厂子里来工作的人寥寥可数,很多年轻人宁愿到外面打工,也不愿到铁锅厂,因为实在太辛苦。别的不说,在40摄氏度的高温下围着锅炉站12个小时,一般人根本吃不消。普通人站上半小时,衣服就已湿透。

如此高强度的工作,工资却低得可怜。几名“老哥们”都是计件工资,压模机操作工,每压一个铁锅,1.25元,而锅炉工在每生产一个铁锅中则只能分得0.25元。工人工资最多的时候4000多元/月,最少的只有1000多元/月。

汪金元和同事每天凌晨4时就进铸锅房,一直忙到近中午。他们将铁水倒进压模机,在气压的作用下,铁水5秒钟就变成通体透红、冒着热气的铁锅。而后熟练的工人用钳子夹出铁锅晾凉、打磨、抛光、检查质量。在砂轮机刺耳的摩擦声里,一口口生铁锅“诞生”了。

汪金元是一个倔强的老锅匠。但他很快发现,这种想法落伍了,虽然自己的“祖法”铁锅质量上乘,但现在农村,用土灶的人已经越来越少。而铁锅的替代品越来越多,比如平底锅、不粘锅、电炒锅、电磁炉等。

而他生产的铁锅,价格也一降再降。最高的时候,界头铁锅的市场价能达到1.5万元/吨以上,而如今,铁锅的售价只有5000~6000元 /吨。一口直径41厘米的铁锅,批发价仅有20元,一口直径1米的铁锅,批发价也仅128元。“赚的全部是辛苦钱,我们的一口铁锅,利润还不到0.5元,大约只有0.2~0.3元,有时一年下来还亏本,最多的时候一年亏了20多万元。”为防手艺失传

愿海选“祖传秘方”传人汪金元的铁锅厂地面上铺满黑色的煤灰,车间内的锅炉已是锈迹斑斑,高达6米多的厂房,即使是在白天,也有些阴暗,整个厂区最为惹眼的则是那条已经运作了50年之久的“老掉牙”生产线——5台压模机,一台冶铁炉,一台脱模机,锈迹斑斑的机器上蒙着一层灰尘。对于祖祖辈辈靠铸锅为生、成名的汪家来说,铁锅就像命根子。对每一个锅炉,每一个模具,汪金元都充满感情。

成品车间内,直径从20厘米到1.2米的铁锅一字排开,一共有30多个规格,两万多只铁锅。最大的直径1.2米的铁锅主要用作杀猪、宰牛,以及农村做红白喜事时做“大锅饭”。王海清说,铁锅主要是订单生产,没订单就不生产。一年下来,产量在10万~20万个之间。

汪金元也搞不明白,为什么时代一下子变了,这么好的铁锅都没人用了,也没有人愿意学习他的铁锅手艺了。村里的几个小年轻让他在淘宝上开个网店卖铁锅,但他不会上网,这事就黄了。搁在20年前,那可是有人排着长队、求爷爷告奶奶要求拜师学艺。汪金元说,为了这门手艺不失传,他决定打破铸锅手艺不外传的门规,只要有人愿意学习,他都愿意倾囊相授,并且不收费。“我想祖师爷也不想这门手艺在江湖上消失吧。”汪金元只有一个要求,那就是学艺者要吃得了苦、有耐心。因为铁锅铸造工艺是个细活,需要慢慢揣摩,在实干中掌握分寸,没有3~5年功夫,很难掌握。

为了让手工铁锅工艺有更多人关注,汪金元和王海清还准备将这门工艺申报为江西省非物质文化遗产。现在他只有一个想法,那就是这门绝艺千万不要断送在自己手里。

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
上一页2/2下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160728/23169130_2.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/21 04:57:26

Powered by China
China