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北京14处王府被占用 不少沦为大杂院安全隐患突出

2016-07-11 08:24:34   北京青年报

本报讯(记者 赵婷婷 董鑫)“旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家”。王府是北京皇城文化的一大代表,时至今日这些王府大多已旧貌不再,保护状况堪忧。目前北京被列为全国重点文保单位和市级文保单位的王府约15座,北京青年报记者探访发现,除恭王府经过30余年的腾退修缮实现对外开放之外,其余14座均被占用,这其中不少已经沦为大杂院,安全隐患突出,濒临消失的边缘。市文物局相关负责人表示,本市文物的占用情况正在盘点,有关部门将对其中存在重大安全隐患以及不合理利用的占用单位提出置换计划。

北青报记者实地探访发现,王府的占用主要分为三类,第一类是被学校占用,例如克勤郡王府被北京第二实验小学占用,醇亲王府(南府)部分被中央音乐学院占用。第二类是被机关、部队等单位作为办公场所,例如位于后海北岸的醇亲王府现在是国家宗教事务局、中华宗教文化交流协会。第三类是变成民宅,比如僧王府、庆王府、宁郡王府等。

还有一类被占用的王府是里面既有单位在办公,也有居民居住,最典型的就是屡次因安全隐患被点名的孚王府。另有一处特殊的是顺承郡王府,旧址位于西城区太平桥大街,1994年,全国政协礼堂修建新楼,将顺承郡王府异地复建到了朝阳区朝阳公园东侧,改名为郡王府,现为一家饭店和CBD国际会议中心,然而无论是旧址还是新址,周围已经鲜有人知道“顺承郡王府”的历史。

北青报记者注意到,被占用的王府大都不对外开放,不论机关单位占用还是民宅,门上都贴出了“谢绝参观”的字样。仅从外观来看,被单位占用的王府维护状况相对较好,而被居民占用的则大多存在严重的私搭乱建,安全隐患突出。段祺瑞执政府就是其中的典型,用作人大老校区宿舍的部分楼道堆满各种杂物,楼道最窄处只能容两人并排走过,而被中国社科院几处国际研究所占用的部分,哥特风格的灰色砖石楼群与中式的红柱绿门都清晰可见。

本市有3840处不可移动文物,除王府外,北京究竟有多少文物被占用?市文物局相关负责人表示,本市文物的占用情况目前还在盘点中,有关部门计划结合本市疏解的情况,对其中存在重大安全隐患以及不合理利用的占用单位提出具体置换计划,有些条件比较成熟已经腾退的可以建设博物馆,有些目前文物保护情况较好的单位,也可以继续进行文物的合理化利用。

图片制作/沙楠

探访

僧王府:昔日王府现为大杂院

地址:东城区炒豆胡同73、75、77号

僧王府是清代僧格林沁的王府。历史上僧王府府门在现在的东城区炒豆胡同,院子一直向北延伸到板厂胡同,由东、中、西三所各四进的院落组成,几乎占了整整一条街。

然而现在不仅从外观上看不出王府的影子,整个王府也被分成炒豆胡同73、75、77号三个独立大院,里面并不相通,原有院落的形制已变。唯有77号院大门口墙上的灰白、青铜色两个“北京市文物保护单位”的标识牌,在提醒着人们这里曾经的恢宏。

“这都是汉白玉的,一般地方哪儿有这种东西!”坐在77号院门前乘凉的一位老人指着门前两个发黑的石墩告诉北青报记者,77号院里住的都是老国管局的员工,好多人已经是几十年的老街坊了。这两个汉白玉石墩原本是院子里大影壁的基石,上世纪八十年代的时候,住户们因为空间不宽敞要扩建厨房,就把原本放在院子里的汉白玉石墩搬到了大门口。

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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