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国民党毁坏船只阻止解放军渡江 群众主动驾船运兵

2016-04-21 14:06:01   合肥晚报

○渡江第一船模型制作者汪锋

○渡江第一船模型

1949年4月20日,由于南京国民党政府拒绝签署国内和平协定,当晚8时开始,中国人民解放军百万雄师万船齐发、乘风破浪,规模空前的渡江战役开始。人民解放军以排山倒海之势,摧枯拉朽般地摧毁了国民党军队苦心经营了三个多月的铜(陵)繁(昌)江防。

那么,67年前的“渡江战役第一船”到底在哪儿呢?

在滨湖渡江战役纪念馆里,馆长程红把我们带到一艘模型船面前说:这就是“渡江战役第一船”,原船收藏在中国国家博物馆。

由于时间过去得太久了,当年的战线又长,所以多年来关于“渡江战役第一船”的说法纷繁多样,至少有5种:江苏江阴的“京电”号机电船;英雄马毛姐的船;军旅作家吴强所说的王东诚的船;首先在芜湖三山区夏家湖登陆的无名船工的船;巢县张孝华父子的船。

不过在中国国家博物馆二楼北区的“复兴之路”展厅里面,陈列着的那艘木制帆船,正是巢县张孝华父子的船。

“渡江战役第一船”并不大,整个船身连桅杆的高度总共只有6.7米,全长8.8米。船的一侧,摆放着中国人民解放军缴获的国民政府总统办公室的木牌、日历,以及蒋介石的签名印。

据讲解员介绍,渡江战役前夕,为了阻止解放军过江,国民党下达了“封江”的命令,毁坏了几乎所有的渡江船只。在这个关键的时刻,正是大江两岸的人民群众,用自己所拥有的船只,将数十万解放军战士送过了滚滚长江。

这艘船的主人名叫张孝华,是巢湖岸边的一个渔民。当时他带着儿子张友香,驾着这艘被当地人叫作“黄梢子”的帆船,冒着纷飞的炮火,将26名解放军战士最先运到了长江南岸。

隆重纪念渡江战役十周年的时候,这艘帆船被送到了当时的中国革命博物馆中去。时至今日,当我们看到这艘木帆船身上遍布的弹孔,依旧不难想见那一晚惨烈的战斗场面。

巢湖地区有着悠久的造船历史,船舶种类十分繁多。根据《巢湖志》记载,主要有巢湖划子、挑驳子、黄梢子、良划、摆江子、五舱子等等。而在渡江战役中第一艘登陆的木帆船,就是巢湖地区特有的“黄梢子”。

千百年以来,通过发达的水系,这些船只来往于巢湖与长江南北,源源不断地运送着各种货物与商品,保证了人民群众的物资运输,以及互通有无。

一旦掌握了船只,就等于占据了战略优势。历代的军事家无不深知这一点。光是在渡江战役之中,巢湖沿岸的各个港口就总共组织了大大小小一千多只帆船,“渡江战役第一船”只是其中的一艘。

随着飞机、高铁、公路运输的发达,现在巢湖已经很难看到千帆竞渡的壮观景象了。但是,对于世世代代生活在巢湖地区的人们来说,这却是他们永远无法忘怀的深刻记忆。

于是,一些热爱帆船的发烧友,决定用制作模型的方式来留住这段珍贵的历史。

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