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神秘的纳西民族村:红白相间盐田壮观震撼(组图)

2016-04-18 16:37:32   雪域青稞

  “春风十里,幸好遇见你。”这是青稞君在经过数小时的山路车程,蓦然遇见下盐井村时而油然涌出的感慨。它就是地处于藏东昌都芒康县,坐落在雄浑的澜沧江畔的纳西民族村。

  据说距今500多年前,纳西人在云南丽江一带迅速强大了起来,于是积极向外开拓,一部分人就越过澜沧江来到了今天的芒康县下盐井村。从此,这些纳西人扎根在这里生息繁衍,在这片红土地上辛勤的打拼劳作,不断的续写着时代的“传奇”。今天,且让青稞君作向导带您去饱览这里神奇的风情。

  生产方式

  俗话说:一方水土,养一方人。不错的,千百年来,盐井人利用澜沧江两岸地震断裂盐岩地层喷涌而出的卤水,发展出两种紧密相连的营生行当。一是,晒盐。当地人沿江凿井,依山筑田,利用本地充足的日照、风燥的优势,晒制井盐。这种古老的制盐工艺和生产方式至今仍在这片热土延续着,青稞君看着这些土木结构的盐田,红白相间,层层相叠,依山而建,煞是壮观,甚是震撼。可喜的是古盐田现在已在国家非物质文化遗产榜上有名。

  走马帮

  芒康是茶马古道的必经之地,于是产盐却缺粮的当地汉子组成马帮,奔走于滇藏之间,互通有无,维持生计。纳西人来到这里,很快就适应并融入了这里的生产生活方式,基本形成了女子晒盐,男子走马帮的劳作模式。

  不过,无论是晒盐也好,还是走马帮也罢,都是异常艰辛的营生。昔日盐民毫无防护工具,需长年累月的赤手光脚下井汲卤,负卤爬坡,卤水极具腐蚀力,因此常见“双脚裂口大如嘴,双手裂口大如眼”的惨像。

  而走马帮呢?“从前抗战时,我们走马帮的人要从云南思茅,途径大理、丽江、盐井、左贡,到拉萨需要三个多月的长途跋涉。期间山高路远,匪徒横行,险象环生,但是没办法呀,滇缅公路被阻,只好冒险去换战略物资。解放后人民公社时期,我们走马帮是以公社为单位,行程稍近些,但队伍颇为庞大,一般由七八十人组成,每人赶五匹骡马。直到联产承包责任制实行以后,马帮才渐渐的消歇下来。”84岁的下公老人颇有感慨地将自己的见闻向青稞君一行娓娓道来。

  更何况,盐在中国古代一直是特别重要和稀缺的资源,往往和铁一道是由国家专营的。下盐井既然盛产盐,则既会为当地人带来实惠,另一面也会诱使各方势力争相角逐,导致生灵涂炭。

  在藏族大型史诗《格萨尔王传》中记载的姜岭之战就是关于盐井之地的争夺之战,生动的反映了这种动荡纷争的历史。

  下公老人说他的名字就是有故事的。原来,除非是赶往拉萨朝拜,走马帮一般是不带女眷的。但有一年地方势力争夺井盐,为了避难他的父亲带着家人远逃云南,恰巧走到鸡足山时他出生了,于是取名下公,这在藏语里就是鸡足的意思。

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