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300年前清代册封宴吃啥?鳜鱼没有刺猪爪没骨头

2016-04-18 09:51:04   扬子晚报

  在昨日举行的第八届苏州观前小吃美食文化节开幕式上,5套从300年前“穿越”而来的清代册封宫廷宴席让市民大开眼界。据了解,这五套册封宴是根据史料《琉球冠船录》中记载的康熙册封琉球国王菜单复原的:1719年,苏州籍探花徐葆光奉康熙之命为册封副使,代表清朝皇室赐宴琉球国王。

  扬子晚报全媒体记者 周晓青

  一桌菜最少做上一天时间

  记者在现场看到,这套清代册封宴席共有五套菜系,每套四菜一汤两点心,其中既有鱼翅、燕窝、海参等名贵菜肴,也有各种精致的小点心,无论从做法到摆盘,都非常“高大上”。

  苏州市饮食文化研究会秘书长、吴门人家饮食文化有限公司总经理沙佩智介绍说,10多年前,她开始研究宫廷菜的复制还原。和这个菜单结缘,是多亏了那霸旅游局的“牵线”。那霸是古代琉球首都遗址所在,现属于日本冲绳县。根据徐葆光所著《中山传信录》,那霸旅游局再现了300年前册封典礼的各项礼仪、器物,但是唯独册封宴无法还原。于是,当时日本朋友托人在中国寻找能做出这份菜单上所记载的菜肴的人,沙佩智便打算接受这项任务。2012年6月沙佩智接触到康熙册封琉球国王宴会上的这份菜单,菜单上面记载了五套宫廷菜和各色酱碟、宫廷小点。看过菜单后,沙佩智特地找到故宫一位研究御膳的学者进行鉴定。在故宫收藏的1719年册封琉球国王携带食物清单中,这份菜单中的主菜及配菜,确有记载。菜单上有五套菜,每套菜四菜一汤,一人一桌。

  “中国宫廷菜精细繁复,册封宴的菜单只写了菜名和配料,并没有具体烹饪法,”沙佩智带着几位大厨,一起潜心研究了近20天的时间,才完成5套册封宴的制作,“一桌菜最少做上一天。” 沙佩智说。2013年,应冲绳中国交流推进会和冲绳徐葆光研究会的邀请,沙佩智携几位大厨飞抵冲绳参加冲绳第三届美食节,带去了清代册封宴,结果有1000多名日本居民报名试吃。

  苏州探花奉皇命赐宴琉球王

  据史料记载,1719年,苏州籍探花徐葆光奉康熙之命为册封副使,携测量官、厨子、糕点匠等人抵达琉球,代表康熙赐宴琉球国王。

  据清乾隆二十四年漱润堂刻本《琉球国志略》记载,旧例使臣有七宴,其中包括谕祭宴、册封宴、中秋宴、重阳宴、鉴别宴、拜辞宴、登舟宴。册封宴作为七宴之一,十分重要。沙佩智还告诉记者说:“史料记载,在宫廷菜中,以地方命名的只有苏州菜,曾得到过皇帝盛赞。”据了解,现在的册封宴基本保持了原来的菜样,不过后期已略微有所改良。

  除了代表康熙赐宴以外,苏州人徐葆光还完成了一项更重要的任务,就是奉旨测绘完成了《琉球地图》,确定了中琉之间国界,地图上明确显示钓鱼岛在中国境内。所以,还原复制“册封宴”,也是从另一个角度印证钓鱼岛自古以来就属于中国的事实。

  御赐苏州菜的秘密

  化平凡食材为“高大上”菜肴

  清蒸鳜鱼:没有一根刺,鱼鳞是一片片贴上的

  在册封宴中,记者看到有一道“栩栩如生”的清蒸鳜鱼,厨师说里面没有一根鱼刺,身上铺满了金黄色的立体 “鱼鳞”。原来大厨们把鱼脊两边的鱼肉片下来,把鱼肉打成鱼茸再贴到鱼脊两边,把蛋黄蒸成糕切成鱼鳞形,一片片再贴在鱼茸的表面,足见功夫之深。

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