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成都第一个国家邮局1901年建成 市民以为是卖油的

2016-03-20 15:07:37   华西都市报

搞不懂,买清油的多过寄信的

有些尴尬的是,成都邮局开创之初,大家都不明白邮政业务,误以为是外国机构,甚至有传闻是“卖油”的地方,故而到邮局买清油的人不在少数,寄递信件和包裹的反而不多。

误以为邮局是卖油闹的笑话还有很多,在中坝(江油)当地油行甚至以为邮局是垄断清油生意的机关,于是全行业拒绝向邮局出售清油,以示抵制。

还有就是,绵竹的县太爷居然在当地邮局开张的第三天(1903年12月14日),为保护清油生意,他派衙役将邮局查封了,邮局人员被迫迁往旅店。

那时,成都邮局每周只封发重庆邮件两次,全局仅有百两现银,一百块钱邮票。窗口售卖邮票非常困难,有一天仅售出1分邮票一枚。为了招徕顾客,员工有时还在局门前手持铁皮话筒,敲锣打鼓,宣传业务。

“麻乡约”停办十年还有人上门

成都邮局的艰难起步,也受阻于人们对之前“麻乡约”的信任。

“麻乡约”是原四川綦江县(现重庆綦江区)人陈洪仁创建于清咸丰二年(1852年),因创办人陈洪仁绰号“麻乡约”,故而得这个名。

“麻乡约”除了在省内普遍开辟邮路,设立分局外,对通往他省如陕西、湖北等地的信件,采取与各省民间信局协定相互交换邮件。因此,凡是通过“麻乡约”托交上海、天津、汉口、甘肃、陕西、河南等处的信件,“麻乡约”都能稳妥送到。

“麻乡约”在服务方面可圈可点。信件的资费标准根据递送的远近和传递速度快慢而定,比如昆明寄重庆的平信邮资150文,“火烧信”额外再加付2000文。运递现金的收费标准,大抵以距离、重量和价值计算收费,如光绪初年,成都寄重庆每值千两收费约12两。服务时间不拘一格,打烊后也能登门取件。

“麻乡约”还实行责任赔偿制。陈洪仁曾接了一笔由四川汇兑云南的协饷,渡河途中遇到风浪,一小部分饷银落入水中后没打捞上来,对此“麻乡约”承担全部赔偿责任。

“麻乡约”服务好,深得老百姓信任和依赖,它的送信业务在民国二十三年(1934年)奉命停办后,但直到民国三十四年(1945年)还有人找上门,交寄信件和包裹。

华西都市报记者 李媛莉(图片由成都市邮政局提供)□链接成都通信活动始于夏商时代

成都的通信活动很早,大约从夏商时代开启,随蜀族先民开辟北入关中通中原的道路而始。追本溯源,从邮驿、民信局、文报局直到近代邮政的产生,有两千多年的历史。

秦代,成都建立了邮驿制度,有驰道通邮。汉时改邮为“驿”,驿站皆有专官掌其事。三国、两晋和南北朝间,因为战事频繁,全国统一的邮驿不复存在。隋唐时期设视察制度,再到宋代,创新设立一种昼夜兼程的“急递铺”,邮驿的传信手段似乎已有现代“快递”的雏形。元代改驿传为“站赤”,成都这时出现了陆路、水站。

晚清时,政府的外交事务越来越多,过去的驿站暴露出许多不足和弊端,为此在驿站之外,全新设置了文报局,专门供政府传递官方文书,不收民间书信。也正因如此,民间书信不得不另谋出路,成都逐渐兴起正式的民间通信组织——民信局。

清代的大清邮政初奠基础,民国的中华邮政略具规模,新中国成立后进入人民邮电时期,今天看来,成都邮政的发展大抵也经历了大清邮政、中华邮政、人民邮电三个历史时期。 李媛莉

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