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成都第一个国家邮局1901年建成 市民以为是卖油的

2016-03-20 15:07:37   华西都市报

位于暑袜北一街的成都邮政大楼(建于1937年)

□编者按

120年前,也就是1896年3月20日,光绪帝下诏成立大清邮政官局,大清邮政诞生之刻,中国已经有了第一套邮票——大龙邮票。自此,中国进入近代邮政。

从大清邮政初奠基础,到民国的中华邮政略具规模,新中国成立后进入人民邮电时期,成都邮政的发展大抵经历了大清邮政、中华邮政、人民邮电三个历史时期。其间,无论是官办还是民间性质,老百姓的生活时时离不开邮政,那些年,一封电报、一封信、一件包裹,一款邮票,一架绿色自行车……还有许多融入我们生活中的平凡的邮递员,都让我们感受、享用到生活的便捷和人情的温暖,尽管时代飞速发展,我们现在有了微博、微信、QQ和各种各样的移动互联网工具,也因之疏远了那些邮政工具,但无论如何,每到3月20日这一天,总让我们想到与绿色“鸿雁”有关的那些人、那些物、那些事……

成都第一个国家邮局,在清光绪二十七年(1901年)12月24日建成,并一度与邮驿、文报局、民信局几种通信组织并存。

这一年,北京总税务司邮政总办赫德(Robert Hart)指派汉口邮局的杨开甲、彭辅钧和宜昌邮局的钱芝祥、杨文榜四人到四 川 开 办 邮政。其中,杨开甲负责在成都创办邮局,其余三人分别前往叙府(宜宾)、嘉定(乐山)和保宁(阆中)。

成都最早的邮局就在暑袜街

那时邮局的规定十分严格,租房只付租金,不付押金,只准客辞主,不准主辞客,所以连邮局的选址都是大难题。几经周转,负责创办成都邮局的汉口人杨开甲终于在当时的小什字街,也就是现在的暑袜北一街和兴隆街口,租得一所房屋。

说到这里,就不得不提至今仍在暑袜北一街站脚的邮政大楼。清代成都设立邮局以来,指挥中心便一直在此处,邮政大楼修建之前,最初就是杨开甲租来的房屋。

1896年3月20日,光绪帝下诏成立大清邮政官局,大清邮政诞生之刻,中国已经有了第一套邮票——大龙邮票。中国进入近代邮政。

民国二十一年(1932年)7月6日和民国二十二年(1933年)9月20日,这里相继发生两次火灾,更为严重的第二次火情将毗邻的邮务长办公楼、会计处等全部烧光。

鉴于此,成都邮局被批准建新局房,也就是现今能看到的这栋老楼。

门槛高,须有相当英文程度

成都邮政大楼,由加拿大建筑师莫理逊和叶溶清设计和筹划指挥,酬金高达建筑费用总额的15%。

建楼的木料远道运来,全部选购珍贵高级木材,有楠木、红松等;所有红瓦从汉口买进来,奠基基石是龙泉驿坚硬石条,红瓦与红瓦之间全部用从邮政总局上海供应处买进的铜丝串联。这栋楼办公房内有壁炉,供冬季取暖,厕所安装抽水马桶,还是成都市最早使用铁窗的建筑物之一。

时至今日,这里也没有进行过大修,依然保留最初结构。

再回到成都邮局开办之初,当时这里叫“大清邮政分局”,录用人员的门槛很高,“须有相当英文程度;略有簿记学经验;须备有妥实辅保;须有近代思想”。第一年全局仅有员工3人,杨开甲担任供事(襄助局长工作),朱蒲生任窗口服务,曾福担任投递工作。

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