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梁鸿:我不是乡土作家,我写的是人

2016-03-14 09:19:16   北京青年报

◎唐山

“二十多年来,德泉一直在这个地方靠着,直到成为那拐角的一部分,一团固定的阴影,一块去不掉的牛皮癣,一个可有可无的突起。”在《圣徒德泉》中,梁鸿写下了这样的句子。德泉是个流浪汉,一心想做好事,可次次都把事情搞砸——越拯救,人们就越坚信:他发了疯。

《云下吴镇》(《神圣家族》的原名)终于写完时,梁鸿仍然最喜欢这一篇,也正因为它,提醒了梁鸿:这本书恰好写了12位小人物,与12使徒之数契合。

半是寄托,半是反讽,梁鸿最终将这本书定名为《神圣家族》。

或者,每个在这世界上活过的人,都是神圣家族的一员,都承担了某种神性。在他们心中,必然曾有过一种高贵的向往,一段珍藏的挚爱,乃至一份不肯退让的坚持。然而,是生活,让这些变得如此无聊、可笑。愿意也好,不愿意也罢,最终我们都将在挣扎中,被那无边的琐碎尘埋。

在我和世界之间,究竟谁错了?这是个永远值得追问下去的问题,从梁庄到吴镇,从非虚构到小说,梁鸿依然在追问着它的答案。

  我不是乡土作家,我写的是人

北青艺评:您一直在写梁庄,何时进了吴镇?

梁鸿:我以前就很想写小镇,每次回老家,都会产生这种冲动。我小时候所住的村庄离镇很近,从五年级到初中,我一直在镇里上学,每天都要来来回回好几次,流浪汉、清真寺、羊架子、新华书店……这些东西一直留在脑子里,不用想,闭上眼睛就自然浮现了出来。

北青艺评:小镇的生活形态与梁庄之间,有什么不同?

梁鸿:村庄是家族形态,小镇则是集贸市场,不是实体,而是各种生活的聚集。相对于大城市,小镇更稳定,很少变动;但与村庄比,小镇又显得活跃。说小镇不是实体,因为农村人会向往去城市生活,但不会向往到小镇去生活,在他们的眼中,小镇被彻底忽略。

我写小镇,没什么特别含义,仅仅是因为对那里比较熟悉,并没打算从农村写到小镇,再从小镇写到城市,我没有这样的计划。

这本书写得很随性,就是12个故事,通过人物穿插、啮合,串联成一个整体。为什么这么写,我也没想得很清晰,写作的初衷就是想写一个个具体的人,写他们真实的生活形态,写他们日常的对话,我觉得其中包含着意味,至于它们呈现出多大意义,没特别去想。

也许读者会觉得,在吴镇,缺乏梁庄中的那种冲击力。因为梁庄包含着现实意义,而我写吴镇,则试图体味生活中人的微妙处,很无聊,很冷漠,却很有意味,这其实也是人与人之间存在的真实形态。写这本书,就是想呈现出小镇上普通的生活、死亡、斗争,乃至毫无意义的人生片段,所以,即使是写闲人们的飞短流长,我也带着很大的趣味去写。

北青艺评:吴镇似乎没了梁庄的乡土气息。

梁鸿:我又不是乡土作家,也从没觉得自己写的是乡土生活。我写的是人,恰好这些人包含了乡土的成分。我不想把自己打扮成那样的一名作家,不想被这种名头约束。

  非虚构不过是个名词

北青艺评:对于《神圣家族》,大家感到好奇的是,它似乎更接近小说,而非“梁庄系列”那样的非虚构文学。

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