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专家称刘贺曾在山东修大墓 因赴南昌任海昏侯烂尾

2016-03-11 09:37:49   齐鲁晚报

历史上,刘贺在赴京做了27天的短命皇帝后,史书称其因为荒淫无度、不保社稷而被大臣霍光贬为废帝,之后又回到巨野县的“昌邑王国”。后来即位的汉宣帝经过观察,见刘贺没有政治野心,又是自己的叔叔,于是赐给他丰厚的财宝,让他去今天的南昌养老,做起了海昏侯,五年后,活了33岁的刘贺死去。郑同修认为,“金山大洞”很有可能就是刘贺在任昌邑王时为自己预造的大墓,在建墓过程中,因为短期称帝,被废后赴南昌改任海昏侯,两座大墓沦为半拉子工程。

形成于上世纪七十年代的巨野红土山西汉墓发掘报告也认为,“金山大洞”就是二代昌邑王刘贺预造墓。

山东曾发掘

疑似刘贺父亲墓

据了解,1968年,巨野县农民在采石时,在县城东南22 .5公里处的红土山发现一处西汉时期墓葬。经过考古发掘得出结论,墓主为昌邑哀王刘髆可能性较大。

1971年秋至1972年春进行了首次挖掘,后因故停止。1977年,红土山西汉墓恢复发掘,耗时三个月挖掘完毕。整个发掘过程中,考古人员未能发现有关古墓年代的文字确证,只有一枚玉印章,似乎承载古墓身份秘密,可惜上面的朱书字迹已剥落不清。

郑同修说,江西南昌海昏侯墓发掘带出一个疑问,为什么同为昌邑王,刘贺与其父刘髆墓中随葬品数量相差悬殊?据了解,上述两座西汉王墓均未遭盗墓,巨野红土山刘髆墓经清点,共出土各种文物1056件,其中大部分是各种金属兵器,属于小件物品,另外还有玉器、漆器等。

因为上世纪七十年代发掘的红土山汉墓未能找到文字确证,考古专家对于墓主的研究和争论没有停歇。郑同修说,现在还不能确证红土山汉墓就是第一代昌邑王刘髆之墓,只是根据墓葬规模和地理位置作出的一种推论。如果红土山汉墓经过进一步研究发现墓主不是刘髆的话,那么就不能排除“金山大洞”就是他的墓的可能。由于金山并列的两座大型崖洞墓只是两座空穴,没见随葬品,其究竟是刘髆的墓还是传说中为刘贺“预作寿藏”的半拉子工程,就是一个悬念了。

他说,南昌海昏侯墓发现后,全国汉代考古学家应该更关注红土山汉墓。

随葬品上万件

海昏侯真是土皇帝

海昏侯墓发掘带来新的疑问,那就是作为汉代一个侯国,面积还比不上今天一个县,但是南昌海昏侯墓的规模明显超出了侯墓的规制。尤其是几个随葬品库的出现,以及上万件品类齐全的随葬品与“侯”的身份地位有着很大差异,给人以“土皇帝”之感。

这说明一个事实,刘贺作为皇帝的嫡系,死后享有其他列侯不具备的待遇和殊荣。

郑同修介绍,南昌海昏侯墓中出土的随葬品中,不都是汉代的物品,也有一定数量的周代青铜器,藉此似乎可以推断—— —刘贺本人喜爱收藏前朝古物。

令人瞩目的是,南昌海昏侯墓中出土大量漆器,上有“昌邑九年”“昌邑十一年”字样,同时出土的大量青铜器中,大部分上面镂刻铭文“昌邑国”,这足以说明,这些随葬器物是属于昌邑国的,在被封为海昏侯后,这些器物又被他辗转带到了江西南昌。

值得一提的还有,海昏侯墓出土一件孔子屏风,这是截至目前发现的最早的西汉时期的孔子画像,上面还载有孔子生平。过去,遗留于世的孔子像最早是东汉画像石墓,内容为历史上有名的典故“孔子见老子”。海昏侯墓孔子像屏风的出土为当代孔子研究又增加了一份珍贵的研究资料。

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