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专家称刘贺曾在山东修大墓 因赴南昌任海昏侯烂尾

2016-03-11 09:37:49   齐鲁晚报

巨野“金山大洞”被考古专家推断为刘贺所建的墓,如今成了当地居民烧香拜佛的场所。本报记者 乔显佳 摄

从去年下半年起,南昌海昏侯墓发掘成果披露后,成为一段时期以来考古领域最吸睛的事件。其中最令世人震撼的是,“区区”一个列侯,墓中竟然出土多达一万多件(另一说为近两万件)珍贵随葬品。海昏侯身后两千多年掀起的这股热潮,迄今高烧不退。

近日,刚参加完海昏侯墓考古成果专家论证会的中国知名汉代考古专家、山东省文物考古研究所所长郑同修接受齐鲁晚报记者的独家专访,披露了海昏侯很多不为人知的史事。他所关心的不仅仅是这次考古发掘出土的大量珍贵文物,更关心的是考古发掘提供的海昏侯墓地陵园建制等埋葬制度信息,注重的是他的历史研究价值。他指出,海昏侯墓中出土的令世人震惊的海量文物,很多应该是来自山东。

齐鲁晚报记者 乔显佳

海昏侯曾是昌邑王

国都在巨野

海昏侯墓发现成果自2015年披露后,发现地江西省南昌市也跟着“火了一把”。相比而言,作为海昏侯之前长期“战斗过”的地方,山东菏泽巨野县却少有人关注。

郑同修介绍,今天的巨野县就是历史上“昌邑国”旧地。刘贺(公元前92年—前59年),曾任昌邑国王,国都在巨野县昌邑集,目前遗址已列为省级文保单位。海昏侯刘贺出了名,也给了巨野县宣传自己的机会。

当然,作为从事文物保护事业的考古专家,郑同修更关注的是沉睡两千年的“昌邑古城”应抓住这一时机,加大昌邑故城及附属文物古迹的下一步保护力度。这将有利于推动山东的考古工作,特别是汉代考古工作。

“昌邑王国”遗址是西汉两代昌邑国的国都,在刘贺之前,他的父亲第一代昌邑哀王刘髆(汉武帝刘彻之子)就曾被封于此。郑同修认为,早在两代昌邑王之前,如今的“昌邑王国”遗址上就可能建立过若干代的区域统治中心(例如更加古老的“梁国”“山阳国”)。从山东以往考古资料来看,汉代的城址很少是汉代新建的,多数都是从春秋战国延续下来,至于“昌邑王国”遗址是否也是如此,因尚未做过系统的考古工作,目前不好确定,有待将来考古工作证实。

“金山大洞”

现在成烧香拜佛场所

郑同修表示,刘贺在昌邑国期间,曾经为自己修过一座王墓。记者3月5日实地探访了这座名为“金山大洞”的王墓,它现列为菏泽市级文保单位,位于巨野县3A级金山风景区内。“金山大洞”是在山顶的位置凿山开建,规模浩大。

进入该墓需经过一段上百米长的墓道,墓道两侧为人工开凿出来的陡直石壁,目测有二三十米深。两侧石壁上镌刻有汉代以来古人题刻,堪称书法艺术的宝库,蔚为壮观。墓道深处东、西石壁内各凿出两个石室,最里面石室尤其宽阔,考古专家认为,这里就是“主墓室”。现在,上述石室均已改为佛教活动场所,平时香火旺盛。记者注意到,“主墓室”上方,刻有“敕赐大明禅院”六个大字。

在距离“金山大洞”数十米、位置更高的一侧山体上,还遗留一处未开凿完的墓穴,同样有上百米的墓道。郑同修倾向认为,“金山大洞”很可能就是当年二代昌邑王刘贺为自己修建的墓,汉代诸侯王盛行夫妻异穴合葬的埋葬方式,后者可能是刘贺为其配偶所建之墓。

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