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广州“三坊七巷”成保护典范 开店有严格准入制度

2016-03-08 08:38:25   广州日报

三坊七巷游人如织。

坊内有200多座古建筑 外地人到福州必看

“如何活化”成全国历史文化街区保护典范

历史文化保护巡城记(三)

林则徐、沈葆桢、严复、林觉民、冰心……一个个如雷贯耳的名字,不约而同地聚集在福州市的三坊七巷,它是名副其实的“闽都名人聚居地”。

三坊七巷占地约40公顷,由三个坊、七条巷和一条中轴街组成。古老的坊巷格局至今基本保留完整,是中国都市仅存的一块“里坊制度活化石”,坊巷内保存有200多座古建筑,是一座不可多得的“明清建筑博物馆”。

原国家文物局局长单霁翔这样评价:“一片三坊七巷,半部中国近现代史。”

由于诸多历史原因,三坊七巷曾一度衰败。2006年,“三坊七巷”保护修复工程正式启动,通过对三坊七巷历史文化街区“鱼骨状”总体格局的恢复,三坊七巷涅槃重生。

同时,三坊七巷还创建了全国首个社区博物馆,为这一历史文化街区注入了活力。

如今,三坊七巷已成为“福州城市会客厅”,也是全国历史文化街区保护的典范。

文、图/广州日报记者李华

三坊七巷起于晋,完善于唐、五代,至明清鼎盛。

“三坊七巷历史文化街区位于福州市区中轴线上,是福州历史底蕴的核心组成部分。这里是千年城市棋盘坊巷格局的遗存地,是精雕细琢的明清民居建筑群展示地。千百年来,无数文人儒士从此走出。在近代,三坊七巷人是半部中国近现代史重要篇章的弄潮儿。”三坊七巷保护开发公司董事长谢谦华这样概括三坊七巷的历史文化特色。

记者探访

三坊七巷不只南后街

三坊七巷由三个坊、七条巷和一条中轴街肆组成,分别是衣锦坊、文儒坊、光禄坊;杨桥巷、郎官巷、塔巷、黄巷、安民巷、宫巷、吉庇巷和南后街,因此自古就被称为“三坊七巷”。

南后街横贯其中,人流不息,热闹不凡,但如果只是穿街而过,那只看到了热闹,还没入门道,南后街只是一个商业街。丰富的历史文化底蕴都蕴藏在坊巷之中。“三坊七巷不是只有一条南后街。”这是老福州人、懂门道人的真心话。

来到三坊七巷,第一站无可厚非就是林觉民、冰心故居。这也是众多游客的最大的一个疑问:林觉民和冰心非亲非故,为何老宅子是两人共同的故居?原来,两人是先后入住于此。

林觉民参加广州起义就义后,父亲林孝颖为逃避清兵的追杀带领全家离开老宅躲到福州远郊,谢家便买了此宅,之后冰心曾居住于此。另外,近代才女林徽因作为林觉民的侄女也曾在此居住。一处民居住过三位名人,难怪吸引了众多游客。

位于郎官巷的严复故居也不得不看,作为“开眼看世界第一人”,严复的《天演论》产生的影响极其深远。严复故居有600多平方米,是其弟子为他购置。此处也是国家领导人参观常来之地,墙上挂着几任国家领导人对其的称赞之语。严复在此的居住时间不长,但仍是他落叶归根的地方。

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