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中国纯艺术拍卖市场跌回第二 美国五年后再夺冠

2016-03-07 12:11:24   南方日报

2015年度中国纯艺术市场明显的发展特征是中国书画和油画及当代艺术板块轮动明显,中国书画的市场份额比去年缩减2.27%,占中国纯艺术市场总额的81.77%。本年度,中国书画板块持续调整,成交数量、成交总额同比分别下降38.75%、29.21%。造成这一现象的原因是中国艺术品市场对该板块长期依赖,造成了相应作品的过度挖掘而导致资源枯竭。

根据市场变化,去年各拍卖公司采取的“量小而精”策略反响不错,古代书画和近现代书画释出多件天价精品,提振了市场信心。46件500万美元以上的中国书画拍品,贡献了12.90%的市场份额,其中,古代书画贡献了30.96%的份额,近现代书画贡献57.74%,由此凸显这两个板块的硬通货属性。

2015年度古代书画表现稳健坚挺,成交量比2014年减少14%,成交额反而增长10%。该年度“石渠宝笈”和宫廷书画支撑了本年度的热点和高价。北京故宫举办的《石渠宝笈特展》与拍卖中的古代书画精品产生联动效应,文徵明、董其昌、冯宁等多位古代书画家刷新个人拍卖纪录。宫廷书画因其珍稀而价格高企,如北京保利推出的《乾隆帝御笔平定台湾二十功臣像赞》(1,204万美元),香港苏富比推出市场罕见的郎世宁《纯惠皇贵妃朝服像》(1,819万美元)成交表现出色。

近现代书画板块表现欠佳,成交量比2014年减少40%,成交额下滑24%,但在中国近现代书画榜单上,名家力作高价换手。表现势头最强劲的当属李可染,其凭借237件拍品,以1.48亿美元的总成交额位居中国艺术家排行榜第三位,紧追张大千和齐白石,在2015年全球前500艺术家成交额排名中,由2014年的32名上升至18名。

另一位艺术家大师潘天寿的书画也备受欢迎,个人作品总成交额比去年增长144%,其《鹰石山花图》成交价为4,502万美元,进入2015年全球纯艺术品拍卖前20榜单。此件作品十年增长近20倍,平均年复收益率超过30%。这说明作品只要在美术史上有定论、在传承出处上清晰有序、无争议,依然能带来超过预期的明星价格。

当代书画由于此前价格虚高造成的泡沫还在消化,加上反腐对这部分市场的剧烈冲击,成交额下滑58%,当代名家范曾、何家英等多位艺术家的成交额大幅缩减。通过研究AMMA独家研发的当代书画50指数发现,2015年交易量和收益率齐跌,以2015年秋拍为例,重复交易数量31对,收报2097点,同比2014年同期下跌79.6%和17.4%。

油画及当代艺术板块由于受到此前中国当代艺术价格泡沫的持续影响,经历了小幅的震荡调整后,市场下行趋势明显。2015年度油画及当代艺术板块总成交量比2014年度缩减26.44%,为8376件,总成交额下滑16.91%,为8.86亿美元。

从市场观察来看,该板块在2015年度出现一些策略变化和结构调整:大陆和港台地区油画及当代艺术板块的成交额差距拉大,由2014年相差8%扩大到35%。

为了应对现当代艺术板块的整体缩水,该年度买家的视线转向相对稳健的早期油画和价格还尚低洼的当代艺术名家、抽象绘画及新绘画作品。早期油画仍旧是赵无极、朱德群、常玉、吴冠中四位油画大师支撑高价,在2015年中国艺术品高价TOP100中,他们四位贡献了74%的作品量。

除此之外,该年度出现了多场学术梳理的“个案”专场,成交良好。如中国嘉德从春拍的“济广致远-王济远艺术专场”到秋拍的“沙耆比利时时期艺术专场”,均实现100%成交,早期油画的学术价值被深度挖掘,其托市的作用再次彰显出来。

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