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民国时有人出哑谜骂贪官 贪官强迫农民卖田卖地

2016-02-17 15:37:48   羊城晚报

端木蕻良谜咏晴雯

据《八桂香屑录》载:1940年,桂林中北路口新开一家嘉陵川菜馆。开张那天,店门外不写菜谱时鲜,却高竖大幅广告牌,上书“灯谜候教”四个大字。谜棚一直由店门向内延伸至三间餐厅,两壁红绿谜片缤纷,其中一个谜片的谜面令人瞩目:

“文”——射《红楼梦》人物一。后面附语说:“奉奖川菜一席,并由作者即席赠诗一首。”

大家围拢过来,一时叽叽喳喳,摸不着头脑,无人揭片。这时,时任广西戏剧改进会常务编审的陈开瑞路过,看到了这个谜面,他稍作沉吟,伸手揭片报出了谜底:“晴雯!”

话音未落,只见谜棚台上站起一人大赞:“好呀,高中!”那人随即走下台来,笑盈盈上前与陈开瑞握手。只见他身穿长衫,面庞清瘦,器宇不凡。他们互道姓名,才知道他是国内著名的红学大师、作家端木蕻良,也就是此谜面的作者。

端木蕻良说:“我要给你赠诗一首,可是这里现在没有笔墨,明天奉送。”果然,次日他给陈开瑞送来了一张条幅,上书:

未到巫山已有情,空留文字想虚名。

可怜一夜潇湘雨,洒上芙蓉便是卿。

出得了如此妙谜的人,当然会写得出对晴雯理解深刻的诗句。灯谜与诗句,好一个珠联璧合,互相映衬,反映出了端木蕻良红学的深厚造诣。

同样,揭出谜底的陈开瑞可谓聪明绝顶,在这里他使用了猜谜的增补法。增补法就是根据谜面或谜底带有增加意义的字眼所作的提示,用增补字或者部首、偏旁、笔画的办法求得面底相互扣合。谜面运用增补法的,如:“为中国多作一点贡献”(打字一)谜底是“蝈”字。这是将谜面别解成为“中国”二字多加“一”字和“、”(点),结合起来就得出谜底“蝈”字。增补法用于谜底的,如“反”(打四字常言),谜底是“吃现成饭”,这是将谜底别解为,如果在“反”字的偏旁出现一个“食”字,谜面就变成“饭”字。而“食”同义转换扣合“吃”。而“文”字的谜底“晴雯”,则是先增后减,才能扣准谜面。“晴”则是晴天的意思,晴天自然无雨,则只剩下了“文”字,就回到了谜面。  

 元宵节哑谜骂贪官

上述出谜打虎真是热闹非凡,不仅尽显文人骚客的风采,也展示了灯谜文化的无穷魅力。下面再来看一个元宵节灯谜大会上的哑谜骂贪官的故事。据《海岱寻踪》载:民国二十四年元宵节,山东博山县县城赏花灯时,发生过一起少见的灯谜风波。

博山县历年元宵节都有悬灯结彩猜灯谜的风俗。这一年,热闹异常的西门城楼上,却出现了一个奇特的景观,有人用约4平方米的大纸板,画了一个头戴古代七品官帽,咧着饕餮大嘴的头像,奇形怪状,令人捧腹。两边还有楹联分别是:“去年元夜时,花市灯如昼,月下望形色,游人何消瘦;今年元夜时,月与灯依旧,再见去年人,有骨已无肉。”横批:“就是干渴”。在人们尽赏花灯猜灯谜的时候,猛然间冒出这样一个哑谜,人人争看,却不解其意。

讵料,此事却惊动了该县县长王荫桂,他看了直气得七窍生烟。原来,当时西昆铁路修建至该县桃花峪时,占用了大量民田,他和施工方沆瀣一气,强迫农民卖田卖地。农民只分到了极少的几个钱,而他从中受贿达万元之多。他做贼心虚,见画后惊恐万状,立即明白了那个饕餮大嘴就是他的光辉形象。他召集地方和司法的头头脑脑,命令他们追查作者,严惩不贷。但查来查去也没有结果,有“聪明人”为了避免事态扩大,当晚将画面全部用白纸覆盖,换上了对联,上联“爱民如子”,下联“执法如山”。

然而第二天深夜,又有两幅半截联接在改换的对联下面,上联接的是“金子银子全是子”;下联是“钱山靠山都是山”。这回,贪官王荫桂真的傻眼了!

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