从明代中期开始,民间资本就开始掌控画家的饭碗

2018-12-26 17:30:19    艺周刊

清代后期,道光至宣统年间,中国逐渐沦为半封建半殖民地的社会,画坛也发生了急剧变化。宫廷画家的皇家饭越来越不好吃,士大夫文人画也日见衰微。在对外开放的商业城市上海和广州,分别出现了“海上画派”和“岭南画派”,开启了近代和现代的画风。画家的饭碗逐渐向民间倾斜。

从明代中期开始,民间资本就开始掌控画家的饭碗

民国画家的饭碗一是来自商业化程度越来越高的市场;二是来自商界和政界的赞助人,如严信厚、朱佩珍、黄金荣等人。中国现代写实主义的奠基者徐悲鸿,就是由犹太大亨哈同的总管姬觉弥赞助日本留学。就在河北农村十年吃不上一回荤席的20世纪初,徐悲鸿和蒋碧薇在日本半年之内轻轻松松花光2000块大洋,扛着大批艺术书籍和艺术珍品欣然回国。1928年国民党大佬吴稚晖赞助3000大洋,让徐悲鸿在南京买宅基地。当时商界、政界的赞助人对画家不可谓不慷慨。民国之后,中国少有不求回报的艺术赞助人。

如今的画坛三分天下:画院水墨、美院写实、当代艺术,各自有各自的饭局。艺术品市场前所未有地昌盛,画家过上了前所未有的好日子。但是与此同时,艺术对中国大众的影响却前所未有地小,大多数圈外人并不了解捧上金饭碗的画家;西方艺术标准对中国的影响却前所未有地大,除水墨画之外,大多数画家的饭碗要取决于西方的标准。

从明代中期开始,民间资本就开始掌控画家的饭碗

与以往所有朝代都不同,今天的画家饭碗已经不是一个人的事情,同时涉及到工作室的团队、画廊、拍卖行、保险业、运输业、经纪人、银行基金、美术馆。大腕画家的跨界活动,使得他们的饭碗与更多人的饭碗联系在一起。在全球化的大时代,艺术也开始产业化和金融化,画家的饭碗与艺术的内容一起也发生了本质的变化。中国两千年的艺术史当中,画家的饭碗一直取决于掌控政治与资本的权力之手,而今天的部分大腕画家开始成为权力之手的一部分,开始成为别人的饭碗的掌控者。这对于艺术来说,意味着什么?这是明天的艺术史将要记载的内容。

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