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中国将启动世界最大碳交易市场 或为全球树立典范

2017-08-16 01:04:55   参考消息

参考消息网8月16日报道 美媒称,随着美国逆转气候政策,中国正在建立一个全国性碳排放交易体系。

据美国《科学美国人》网站8月14日报道,中国官员准备在今年晚些时候推出一个排放市场,涵盖全国约四分之一的工业二氧化碳。来自欧盟、澳大利亚和加利福尼亚的官员和非营利组织一直就其计划的设计向中国人提供建议。

资料图片:2017年3月18日,北京最后一座大型燃煤电厂——华能北京热电厂燃煤机组停机备用,实现了北京电厂无煤化的目标,北京也由此成为全国首个全部实施清洁能源发电的城市。新华社记者张晨霖摄

非盈利性团体未来资源的客座研究员、一直在观察市场发展的杰里米·施赖费尔斯说:“一开始,它不会比加州或‘区域温室气体减排行动计划’甚至一些试点计划健全。”区域温室气体减排行动计划涵盖美国东北部九个州。

中国宏观经济规划机构——国家发展和改革委员会说,它打算在11月启动全国市场。但目前尚不清楚这到底意味着什么——企业是否必须立即开始购买碳排放配额以覆盖碳排放,抑或采取一些较轻的监管形式比如要求企业报告排放情况。

报道称,中国一直在与欧盟、澳大利亚、英国、德国和挪威等国以及加利福尼亚州的官员就试点计划开展合作,这些计划从2013年开始在7个省市进行,在设计上有所不同。上海复旦大学经济学教授张忠祥2015年发布的一份报告说,试点计划涉及2000家企业和每年12亿吨二氧化碳。这大约相当于中国每年二氧化碳排放量的八分之一。

全国性的体系将是现有计划规模的四倍。斯坦福大学经济学家拉里·古尔德说:“就目前所覆盖的设施的二氧化碳排放量来看,其规模将是现有计划的四倍,将是全世界最大的总量管制与交易体系。”

报道称,世界上尚未有碳排放交易体系真正带来了大量减排。由于不同的因素,欧盟、美国、东北部和加利福尼亚的总量限额都明显高于实际排放量,因此企业不必付出高昂的代价,或面临遏制其排放的重大激励措施。

报道称,中国的计划至少在一开始,很可能同样难以与实际的减排挂钩。

施赖费尔斯说:“该计划成功与否,确实意义重大。如果中国的二氧化碳交易计划被视为一项成功的计划,我认为可以让其他国家有信心采取排放交易模式,承担气候承诺或更加严格的气候承诺。”

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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