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外媒:中国拟捕集数百万吨二氧化碳 用于提取石油

2017-05-23 01:27:18   参考消息

参考消息网5月23日报道外媒称,中国计划捕集国内能源和钢铁企业排放的数百万吨二氧化碳,用于从国内日益贫瘠的油田中提取原油以及制作碳酸饮料等。

据英国《金融时报》5月22日报道,延长碳捕集封存一体化项目(Yanchang Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Project)已经开始建设,这是亚洲第一个碳捕集封存商业项目。该项目定于2018年投入运营,每年将从中国煤炭中心陕西省的一家煤制天然气工厂捕集41万吨二氧化碳。

报道称,面对煤炭价格的不断下滑,中国政府一直在力推煤制天然气工厂,这种工厂所用的煤转化工艺是出了名的污染严重且极其耗水,而该项目可减少这种工艺造成的碳排放。捕集到的二氧化碳将用卡车运送到140公里外的乔家洼油田,每次运送20吨。这令延长项目成为全球首个“一条龙”CCS项目。

澳大利亚非营利组织、全球碳捕集封存研究院的数据显示,中国还有7个CCS项目在筹备中,它们每年总共可以封存900万吨二氧化碳。这8个项目中,有4个用于煤制天然气工厂。

报道称,不过,中国之所以认为CCS有吸引力,是因为它带来了商业上的一线希望,捕集到的数百万吨二氧化碳可被泵入地下以提取石油。支持者宣称,从减排和商业两个角度来看,这种碳封存的提高石油采收率(EOR)方法是一种双赢。

随着成熟的陆上油田日渐枯竭,中国越来越依赖石油进口。

BMI Research的油气分析师Peter Lee表示,过去两年出口下降以及页岩油或“致密”油开采进展缓慢,促使中国考虑EOR这类方法。他说:“中国企业不得不诉诸昂贵的EOR项目,从正接近产品周期终点的现有资产中榨取出最后剩下的几滴油。”

报道称,用捕集到的二氧化碳来提取石油并不新鲜。目前全球17个达到商业规模的CCS工厂中,有14个将其二氧化碳出售给EOR项目。中国自20世纪80年代以来一直在探索EOR技术,但由于CCS的前期成本显著,中国对CCS的采用较为缓慢。

国际非营利环保组织、自然资源保护协会能源与气候变化高级顾问杨富强表示:“理论上说,CCS在技术上是可行的。“但它在工业上还没有投入实践,部分原因是仍需展开研究来证明这可以成为一项经济上可行的技术。在中国,科技部支持了几个示范项目,但由于缺乏足够投资,迄今还没有完成一个项目。”

然而,中国重工业领域——包括水泥业和钢铁业在内——的国有企业已开始考虑向现有工厂增添设备,以便捕集它们90%至95%左右的碳排放。

报道称,从中国能源和工业企业捕集到的二氧化碳还可用于其他用途。比如加工出食品级的二氧化碳,用于制造碳酸饮料。中国的近来还在探索将二氧化碳泵入日益干旱的平原的含水层,以获取里面残留的水。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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