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歼20有多强?曾以10: 0完胜歼10、歼11以及苏30

2017-05-03 06:09:03   学习时报

原标题:中国第五代战机歼-20

仅用了6年零两个月的时间,中国第五代战机歼-20实现从首飞到服役,超越了美国F-22和F-35隐形战机的服役速度,而俄罗斯的第五代隐形战机T-50虽然早于歼-20一年首飞,却仍然没有完成试验定型。

美国国际战略研究中心4月发布的报告认为,中国歼-20完全属于第五代战斗机,这意味着整机达到隐身技术、超音速巡航速度、高度集成的航空电子设备的标准。据推测,该多用途隐形战机可以同时完成空军和海军航空兵的两种任务——空对空作战和空对地作战,将增强中国空军部队的整体作战能力。

歼-20是服役中国军队的第一种多用途隐形战机。根据五角大楼的观点,中国视隐身技术为空军转型的核心组成部分,从而“以防卫为主的空军向进攻和防御作战转变”。由于隐身设计和机动性的增强,歼-20可为中国提供多种以前没有的空战选择和投射能力的潜力。

五角大楼的2011年中国报告就预估,歼-20将在2018年“最终成为中国人民解放军空军远程攻击和空袭突防的平台”。歼-20采用了单座、双发、全动双垂尾、鼓包式DSI进气道、上反鸭翼带尖拱边条的鸭式气动布局。机头、机身呈菱形,垂直尾翼向外倾斜,起落架舱门为锯齿边设计,侧弹舱采用创新结构,可将导弹发射挂架预先封闭于外侧。据称,在大规模“红剑”联合演习中,歼-20在空军模拟对抗现役所有三代机中大获全胜,以10:0的绝对优势完胜歼-10、歼-11以及苏30。但国际战略研究中心报告认为,歼20在2018年之前不可能具备完全的作战能力。

兰德智库援引五角大楼分析人士的话称,歼-20兼具隐身和远程导弹,对美国海军部队造成威胁,尤其是其远程海上打击能力对于美国海军水面舰艇的威胁,远大于歼-20相对F-22的空中优势。

就歼-20是否能和F-22匹敌,美国空军参谋长戴维·戈德费恩曾表示,他只愿意拿歼-20和他飞过的F-117做比较,“驾驶F-117作战时,我会按一下‘隐身’键,所有的天线收回、座位下移以减小目标。F-117一旦进入战斗模式,就不会和其他飞机连通。”但戈德费恩将军承认,歼-20与军事网络相连,可实时访问卫星和无人机提供的数据。因此,对歼20应进行系统评估,就如F-35,不应该只作为一个独立的飞机来考量。

据外媒称,尽管面临部分技术问题,如WS-15发动机的可靠性、飞机控制系统、隐身涂层和机身材料,以及红外传感器等,中国仍然决定加速部署歼-20,是因为受到来自洛马公司制造的F-35的威胁。实际上,美国国家利益网指出,中国歼-20服役提速,在于对抗F-35,因此不可能直接模仿F-22,而且歼-20看上去要比F-22大,更可能是用来攻击加油机和预警机。

五角大楼向美国国会提交的2016年度《中国军事与安全发展态势报告》中指出,中国是美国以外惟一同时拥有两种隐形战斗机的国家。中国寻求发展这些先进的飞机来提高其地区力量投射能力,和加强其打击区域的空军基地和设施的能力。

“澳大利亚空中力量”智库的佩洛西博士和科普博士认为,歼-20适合中国在“第一岛链”和“第二岛链”执行任务。据称,随着中国“小平台大预警”概念的提出和发展,运-20平台最早出现的改进型号极有可能就是继续的空中加油型,并且有可能和正式装备空军的伊尔-78一样,采用俄制标准的空中加油设吊舱和受油管。作为一款“重型隐形战斗机”,歼20可搭载的弹药数量明显多于中型或轻型战斗机,单次出动的打击效能更佳。出于隐形性能的要求,战斗机所携带的弹药内置于机身弹舱。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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