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减税降费年内将超万亿规模 下步个税等改革将成重点

2017-07-19 11:46:34   新华网

至今,税改红利初步显现。以营改增为例,营改增试点在全面推开一年之后,减税效果明显,实现所有行业税负只减不增,减税规模不断扩大。与此同时,营改增有力促进了经济发展以及新动能加快成长,改革红利不断释放。

财税部门数据显示,全面推开营改增试点一年来减税7000亿元左右。2016年5月1日至2017年4月底,全面推开营改增试点一年来共减税6993亿元。

中国财政科学研究院院长刘尚希指出,从降成本来看,营改增是典型的通过改革降成本,具有长效性,这与通过优惠政策短期降成本结合起来,可以实现改革效应与政策效应的叠加放大。而“营改增作为牵一发而动全身的改革,其对改革的影响不是局部性的,而是整体性的”。

减税仅是营改增带来的红利中的一个部分。除直接减税效应之外,中国营改增还在促进经济结构调整,激发创新创业活力,推动财税体制改革,规范市场运行秩序等方面带来多重积极效应。

全面推开营改增试点,使增值税的抵扣机制延伸到服务业,贯通了二三产业之间的抵扣链条,有效降低了分工细化过程中的税收成本,促进了专业化分工、拉长了产业链,催生了大量新业态、新商业模式。

西南财经大学教授、西南智库首席研究员汤继强说,营改增还有力拓展了小微企业生存空间,带动了创业创新。营改增后,大量服务业企业都属于小规模纳税人,由营业税依5%税率和含税价计算应纳营业税额,改为按3%征收率和不含税价计算应纳增值税额。在增值税征收率低于营业税税率、增值税税基小于营业税税基的情况下,这些小规模纳税人税负下降约40%。

对于税改红利,企业的感受是实实在在的。来自江苏省的数据显示,营改增激发企业将研发、设计、营销等内部服务环节从主业剥离出来,成为效率更高、专业更强的创新主体。如常州科研试制中心有限公司以营改增为契机,将技术服务、辅助运输业务剥离成立专门的全资子公司,相关业务税率由17%降为6%或11%,每年可节省税金400多万元,不仅提高了公司核心竞争力,还带动了1000多人就业。

展望下一步直接税改革成重点

全面推开营改增试点,是增值税改革取得的阶段性成果,走出了关键的一步,但改革仍在路上。财政部、税务总局有关负责人表示,将继续会同相关部门,密切跟踪营改增试点运行情况,及时研究解决行业性、整体性问题,完善试点政策。同时,按照现代税制要求,进一步规范和完善增值税制度。此外,增值税立法工作也将适时启动。

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