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全国多地气温破历史极值 超强烧烤天如何保护自己

2017-07-13 18:20:14   新华网

新华社北京7月13日电(记者邓华宁、王宾)据中央气象台发布的信息,近日全国已有30多个地区气温突破历史极值,新疆吐鲁番甚至超过49摄氏度,12日起全国进入为期40天的“三伏”。时间长、覆盖广、强度大的“烧烤”天将对人们的生活造成什么影响?应该如何应对?记者近日采访了中国疾病预防控制中心的环境与健康专家。

专家介绍说,持续高温或热浪,使人体感到不适,对人体健康的主要影响是产生中暑,导致消化不良、胃肠道疾病发病率增加,诱发关节炎和心、脑血管疾病,甚至导致死亡。但只要做好相应防护,就能够避免高温的伤害。

首先,普通人群需要在5个方面加以重视:

及时获取并了解高温、热浪预报及预警信息。公众可以通过中央气象台或中国天气网,也可以通过广播、手机、报纸等途径查询天气预报,合理安排自己的工作生活并采取相应防护措施;

在高温热浪天气下,应尽量避免在上午10时至下午4时出行,尤其注意不要在阳光强烈照射下运动,如快走、跑步等;

户外活动时应采取必要的防护措施,包括穿透气性好、浅色衣服,有助于散热;如果长时间在户外活动,建议穿长袖衬衫;戴太阳镜,使用遮阳伞,或戴遮阳帽;对于裸露在外的皮肤,可涂抹防晒霜等,避免日光性皮炎或晒伤;

由于高温天气会使体温升高,容易缺水导致中暑,应注意及时补水,但不能过度饮水,这样会使胃难以适应;

无论房间内还是汽车内使用空调时,都不要把温度设置过低,内外温差不要过大;烈日中停驶的车最好不要马上开启空调,应打开车窗让热气排出,等车内温度下降后再开启空调。无论在房间中还是汽车中,最好不要开着空调睡觉,尤其是停驶的车里通风较差,发动机排出的一氧化碳渗漏到车内会使人中毒。

针对老年人、婴幼儿、孕产妇和高血压、冠心病、脑血管硬化患者等脆弱人群,需要注意以下方面:

高温天气下,老年人、婴幼儿、孕产妇和高血压、冠心病、脑血管硬化患者等脆弱人群,应避免在阳光强烈照射时段在室外活动;

高血压、冠心病、脑血管硬化等患者,早晨起床时应先喝一些水,补充一夜消耗的水分,降低血液黏稠度,促进血液循环;

患有冠心病、高血压、动脉硬化等慢性疾病的病人,尤其是老年人和关节痛患者,不要长时间呆在空调温度调得过低的房间中。脆弱人群室内外的温差不宜超过5℃。开空调时间不宜过长,最好在1—3小时后关机,进行自然通风。晚上睡觉前最好关上空调。

另外,户外工作者要高度重视做好防护:

高温天气下从事户外工作的人群,应合理安排工作时间,应轮换作业、适当增加高温工作环境下劳动者的休息时间,减轻劳动强度,放慢速度,减少高温时段室外作业。另外需要采取有效防护措施,随身携带防暑品;

应当根据地市级以上气象主管部门所属气象台当日发布的预报气温,调整作业时间;

户外工作者可以用冰毛巾擦身体,进行物理降温;

从外面回到室内后,切忌立即开空调,避免感冒;

户外工作者要注意出现头晕、恶心、口干、迷糊、胸闷气短等症状时,应立即休息,喝一些凉水降温,病情严重应立即到医院治疗。

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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