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专家回应“歼-20使用第四代国产发动机”

2017-06-06 15:42:07   科技日报

原标题:歼-20真用了“峨眉”发动机?专家这样说

歼-20隐身战机使用什么型号的发动机,一直是媒体关注的焦点。近日,央视在报道中国航发两位高级技术工人的事迹时,出现了这样一段话:“歼-20隐身战机发动机零部件的加工和最终装配,都是在中国航发黎明公司工装制造厂进行的……我国发动机已实现从国产第三代发动机‘太行’到国产第四代发动机‘峨眉’的历史性跨越……”

虽然节目中并没有指明歼-20采用了“峨眉”发动机,但军事爱好者们已迫不及待地做出了这样的推定。

资料显示,“峨眉”涡扇发动机,即涡扇-15发动机,是为我国第四代重型/中型战斗机而研制的小涵道比推力矢量涡扇发动机。目前普遍认为,涡扇-15将主要用于第四代战斗机歼-20上。

对此,军事专家张文昌告诉科技日报记者:“第四代战斗机要有第四代发动机做保证。如果真如网络传言所说,‘峨眉’将应用到歼-20上,那么‘峨眉’应该具备四代机发动机的性能,其意义将是巨大的。届时,歼-20的性能将有全面的提升,比如战斗机的最大起飞重量、载弹量、起飞滑跑距离、垂直机动性、水平机动性等都会有显著提高,特别是将实现真正意义的超声速巡航。”

航空界常说,一代发动机一代战机。言外之意,没有发动机的根本性进步,就没有战机的根本性进步。发动机性能的好坏直接影响着飞机的飞行性能、可靠性及经济性,被喻为飞机的“心脏”。因此,第四代战斗机要实现超声速巡航、超常规机动,需要有配套的发动机做保证。

目前,网传我国歼-20战斗机装备的是俄罗斯AL-31F发动机。作为一款真正意义上的四代机,歼-20采用一款三代机的发动机,实属不得已而为之。而AL-31F发动机对歼-20来说,无异于“小马拉大车”,实现不了四代机的标志性技术——超声速巡航。

也有网友推测,中国也许会将俄罗斯的四代发动机117S应用到歼-20上,117S装备在俄罗斯苏-35战斗机上,其推力可以满足歼-20的需求。但张文昌却表示,“这事儿不太可能”。

他指出,从技术上讲,歼-20采用117S发动机完全是可以的,但前提是双方必须有非常深的合作。现在飞机的研制强调“飞发一体化”控制,发动机采用全权限数字化控制系统,如果不进行深度合作,不从源代码的层面进行合作研发,基本实现不了买来发动机就能直接用的目的。因此,中国必须得靠自己去研制国产的第四代发动机。

然而,作为现代工业“皇冠上的明珠”,研制一款成熟发动机的难度可想而知。

“从第三代发动机向第四代发动机跨越,更是难上加难,很多性能几乎已经达到当前技术水平的物理极限,攻克任何一个难关的周期都非常长。特别是,发动机需要达到‘稳定运行’的状态,才能认为它可以定型。”张文昌说,从美国的经验来看,成功研制一款成熟的第四代发动机需要15—20年时间。美国的F135发动机从上世纪90年代开始研制,一直到2016年F-35A战斗机形成初始作战能力,经历了20年左右。

“一款发动机只有经过长期大量的台架试验、装机试验等,确保各项性能指标持续稳定,可靠性高,才能最终定型。特别是‘稳定运行’,对一款发动机来说不仅是最重要的,也是最难实现的。”他说。

“而且,更换发动机对飞机来说是一件大事,一旦飞机换发动机,其型号一定会发生变化。因此,如果歼-20要应用新的国产发动机,其对应的飞机型号也会发生变化。从这个层面上看,歼-20已采用‘峨眉’发动机的可能性是相当小的。”张文昌推断。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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