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美媒:中国军队改师建旅 能快速反应提高战力

2017-05-29 14:38:47   参考消息

原标题:美媒关注中国解放军“改师建旅”能快速反应提高战力

参考消息网5月29日报道美媒称,2017年初,中国空降部队——即3.5万兵力的空降兵第15军——经历了一场重大重组。原来的3个空降师和一个航空兵旅整编为9个独立的旅(6个空降旅、1个特种作战旅、1个支援旅和1个运输航空兵旅)。原来3个师的总部和支援部队进行了重组,分别隶属于各旅或军部,这使迅速部署空降部队变得较为容易。

资料图:2008年5月17日,解放军某部官兵正赶赴绵竹市汉旺镇救援现场。新华社发

据美国战略之页网站5月26日报道,2008年,解放军首次在接到通知后,迅速将一个师空运至别处。当时是将一个师派往四川省参与地震救灾。到2010年,解放军已能够经常性地通过空运,可靠地调动整个营和整个旅的兵力。2006年以来,随着空军获得了更多、更大的运输机,已能够通过空运,迅速投送更多兵力以及车辆(一些为装甲车辆)。

2009年以来,空降兵第15军接收了更多直升机,并进行了最大单位为旅的直升机战术调动。除了在假定对台湾采取军事行动时,或者在偏远地方发生骚乱时进行部署,另一个威胁是新建立的印度山地军,到21世纪二十年代,当兵力达到8万满员时,这支印度部队可能会出人意料地越过边界。

报道称,冷战于1991年结束至今,大多数国家已将所有或部分地面部队改为“以旅为中心”的体制,使旅而不是师成为基本作战单位。这些新组建的旅有了更多固定隶属的支援部队,能更容易地派遣这些旅独立作战。以往,需要迅速向某个旅配属大量支援部队。而新体制让小规模支援部队成为旅的一部分,更重要的是,旅通过使用这些支援部队,学会与之默契合作。

美国陆军于2005年开始这种重组,美国海军陆战队以旅为中心的体制,数十年来一直很成功。在美国陆军改为旅营制后,俄罗斯以及大多数西方国家军队也予以效仿,如今,中国同样如此——从其训练最有素、装备最精良的步兵部队开始。

报道称,目前,空降兵第15军已是新组建的快速反应部队的重要组成部分。中国已有足够多空中运输工具(伊尔-76、运-8和运-7),能在24小时内将一个1.1万兵力的空降师运至中国境内任何地方。2009年以来,在空降兵第15军内,接受训练、开展一种或多种特殊行动的伞兵部队的比例也越来越大(目前约为50%)。

例如,作为空中机动部队开展直升机机降行动,或者学习如何在高原的稀薄空气中跳伞并迅速习惯于在高海拔地区开展艰苦行动。在西藏开展行动尤其是一大挑战,因为西藏大部分地区位于一个独一无二的高原之上。这意味着,由于空气更稀薄、降落伞打开所需时间更长,伞兵必须从更高高度往下跳。大气压减弱会导致很多军人出现高原反应,尤其是在跳伞这种艰苦行动以及着陆后的紧张行军中。

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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