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沪医生2小时切5个恶性肿瘤保住患者双肾 系全球首例
上海一名医生2小时切除了5个肾脏恶性肿瘤,并为患者保住了双肾。
5月24日,澎湃新闻(www.thepaper.cn)记者从瑞金医院获悉,该院泌尿外科主任徐丹枫教授团队成功为一名双肾多发恶性肿瘤(5枚)患者实施了腹腔镜手术,一次性切除所有肾脏肿瘤,并且保留双肾功能。患者术后恢复良好,已康复出院。借助腹腔镜技术一次性切除双侧肾脏的5枚恶性肿瘤,同时双肾得以保全,此类手术国内外尚属首例。
53岁的张女士体检中发现双肾多发肿瘤,其中右肾2枚,左肾3枚,最大达3厘米,并且肿瘤位置分散,3枚在肾脏腹侧,而2枚却位于肾脏背侧。
她多方求医,面临的或是分次开放手术,或是切除整个肾脏并进行术后血液透析,无奈之下来到上海瑞金医院泌尿外科求助。通过术前检查,徐丹枫团队还发现张女士的肾肿瘤有多支滋养血管,也就是说这些血管直达肿瘤,增加了出血的风险,让手术难度更加高。
经过仔细读片及讨论,为了更大程度地保护患者肾功能,徐丹枫决定为张女士进行保留肾单位的双侧肾部分切除手术。在麻醉科、手术室等多方共同协助下,手术顺利进行。
为了保护肾功能,徐丹枫术中未阻断右肾动脉。患者位于右肾中部的肿瘤血供非常丰富,三支肿瘤动脉使得肿瘤切除过程稍有不慎就会造成大量出血,损伤肾功能,甚至造成肾衰竭。徐丹枫凭借腹腔镜技术,迅速控制出血、快速精准地缝合创面,成功保住了患者的右肾脏。
在处理左侧肾脏时,他尽量缩短肾脏热缺血时间,尤其是处理最后一枚肿瘤时,是在开放肾动脉后予以快速切除缝合,肾脏缺血时间仅24分钟,而整个手术在2小时内一气呵成。术后病理证实肿瘤为双肾嫌色细胞癌。
手术的成功,还需要术后精心的护理。医院泌尿外科护理团队针对张女士制订了完善的围手术期护理方案,涵盖了术后观察、预防深静脉血栓护理、生活基础护理、心理护理等多方面,帮助患者度过围手术期,术后一周痊愈出院。
据徐丹枫介绍,肾脏血流量极其丰富,在实施肾部分切除过程中,一般需阻断肾脏血供以减少术中出血。若阻断时间超过30分钟,肾功能或多或少将受到永久损伤、甚至导致肾衰竭。该患者如果阻断双侧肾动脉,术后肾功能损伤的风险很高,可能需进行血液透析替代治疗,导致恢复延迟、术后并发症增多、医疗费用增长。不阻断肾动脉,肾脏比较饱满,要求缝合时加大用力,但是用力过大又会导致肾脏撕裂,其力度把握至关重要。而该患者两侧肾脏共有5枚肿瘤,既要完整切除肿瘤,同时还要尽量保护肾脏功能,对术者腹腔镜操作技术要求非常高,手术难度极大。
责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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