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财政部回应“穆迪下调中国主权信用评级”

2017-05-24 13:25:36   财政部网站

财政部有关负责人就中国主权信用评级有关问题答记者问

5月24日,财政部有关负责人就中国主权信用评级有关问题接受了记者采访。

记者问:此次穆迪调降中国主权信用评级,预计未来中国经济增速将持续放缓,请问您对此有何评价?

答:此次穆迪下调我国主权信用评级,是基于“顺周期”评级的不恰当方法,其关于中国实体经济债务规模将快速增长、相关改革措施难见成效、政府将继续通过刺激政策维持经济增速等观点,在一定程度上高估了中国经济面临的困难,低估了中国政府深化供给侧结构性改革和适度扩大总需求的能力。

今年以来,中国经济仍然延续了去年下半年以来稳中向好的发展态势,一季度GDP增长6.9%,同比加快0.2个百分点,主要经济指标增长好于预期,经济结构持续优化。与经济运行相一致,财政收入增速仍然较高,1-4月,全国财政收入增长11.8%,同比加快3.2个百分点,是2013年以来同期最高增速;财政支出增长16.3%,高于收入增幅4.5个百分点,同比加快3.9个百分点,为促进经济平稳增长和结构调整发挥了重要作用。

中国经济“开门红”充分显示出供给侧结构性改革的效果正在不断显现。随着“放管服”改革等一系列重大政府措施落地见效,国企、财税、金融、价格等重点领域和关键环节改革持续深化,“一带一路”建设扎实推进,新动能培育与传统动能改造提升协同发力,中国经济有望继续保持平稳较快增长。

记者问:穆迪在报告中指出,2018年政府直接债务将达到GDP的40%,2020年将达到45%,请问您怎么看?

答:《中华人民共和国预算法》规定,发行地方政府债券是地方政府举借债务的唯一合法形式,除此以外,地方政府及其所属部门不得以任何方式举借债务。因此,目前我国政府债务范围依法是指中央国债、地方政府债券以及清理甄别认定截至2014年末的非政府债券形式存量政府债务,除此以外我国不存在其他任何政府直接债务。

截至2016年末,我国地方政府债务余额15.32万亿元,地方政府债务率(债务余额/综合财力)为80.5%。加上纳入预算管理的中央国债余额12.01万亿元,两项合计,我国政府债务27.33万亿元。按照国家统计局公布的GDP初步核算数74.41万亿元计算,2016年我国政府债务的负债率(债务余额/GDP)为36.7%,低于欧盟60%的警戒线,也低于主要市场经济国家和新兴市场国家水平,风险总体可控。

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