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环保“按日计罚”办法更严,会现天价罚单吗?

2017-05-22 10:41:26   环球时报

《环境保护主管部门实施按日连续处罚办法》已经实施了两年多。日前,环保部发布通知,决定对这个办法进行修改,并向社会公开征求意见。通知一挂网,立即引起了广泛关注。

按日计罚,被称为“扭转环保法规偏软的利剑”之一,为啥在实施两年多后就要修改,背后又有什么隐情?环保部给出了三个修订理由:加大环境执法力度的迫切要求;配合工业污染源全面达标排放行动的重要举措;贯彻执行新法新规的迫切要求。

这个按日计罚的处罚办法,在实际执行中存在哪些问题,这次修订主要涉及哪些内容?麻辣财经采访了有关专家和环境执法人员。

罚单少、违法反弹多,原有按日计罚“心太软”

解决“违法成本低、守法成本高”的问题,是社会对新环保法的一大期待。新法2015年元旦开始实施,多项措施被形容成“钢牙利齿”。按日计罚就是其中一项,违法排污行为一旦被发现,按日计罚,不设上限。

2015年1月,咸阳陕西煤化能源有限公司长武县二甲醚化工项目存在多个环境违法行为,被处以20万元的罚款,可企业拒不整改和缴纳罚款,79天后这笔罚款飙升至1580万元;2016年上半年,湖北楚源集团及其下属公司因超标排污及私设暗管违法行为,被罚2700多万元;2016年6月底,河南洛阳香江万基铝业有限公司被罚9663万元。

一张张天价罚单,曾让社会欢欣鼓舞,违法者被罚得倾家荡产,看谁还敢违法排污!

不过,按照原有实施办法,环保部门发现违法排污行为,首先要下达通知书,责令其改正,而后在30日复查期限内再去检查,如果排污者拒不改正,环保部门才能实施按日计罚。这样的设计,本意是要引导和督促排污者及时改正环境违法行为,但在实际执行中却发现,这样做的效果并不好。

环保部环境监察局局长田维勇表示,2016年,环保移送司法的总案件数为22730件,这其中,按日计罚仅为1017件,占比只有不到5%。而从五类案件的反弹率来看,按日计罚最多,占到了9.81%。“按日计罚罚了以后,回过头来去检查又有问题,说明这项制度的威慑作用不够。”田维勇坦言。

不仅是官方察觉了这一问题,在中国人民大学法学院教授竺效领衔撰写的一份评估报告中,对也提到了“按日计罚”存在的问题:“按日连续处罚办法中关于30日复查期限的规定,一定程度上束缚了执法人员的手脚,不利于发挥这项制度的威力。同时,按日连续处罚的适用范围,也应根据实践增加相应的违法情形。”

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