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排污权交易“试水”十年 专家呼吁统一规范管理

2017-05-01 09:15:52   工人日报

很多人可能没听过“排污权交易”,但它作为生态文明体制建设的重要市场化手段,已在我国试点10年。

排污权交易是指在一定区域内,在污染物排放总量不超过允许排放量的前提下,内部各污染源之间通过货币交换的方式相互调剂排污量,从而达到减少排污量、保护环境的目的。

自2007年11个省区市试点以来,越来越多的地区加入开展排污权工作。有环保专家提醒,由于各省区市之间政策规定差异较大,交易制度不统一,给市场交易造成了一定困难。做大排污权交易市场的同时,亟待统一规范管理。

多地排污迎来“有偿”时代

随着多地落实排污权交易管理,我国排污权交易迈入新轨道。

从2007年开始,财政部、环保部和国家发改委批复了江苏、浙江、内蒙古、山西、河北等11个地区开展排污权使用和交易试点工作。

“近年来,除了这11个试点省区市外,福建、广东、青海等多个省份也主动开展排污权试点工作。”福建省环境科学研究院副院长杨长胜告诉记者。

各省区市根据自身实际,做法各有特色。如湖南开展了铅、镉、砷3种重金属排污权交易,广东顺德开展VOCs排污权交易,浙江排污权抵押贷款活跃……

2014年5月,福建省出台《关于推进排污权有偿使用和交易工作的意见(试行)》,先行在造纸、水泥、皮革等8个行业试点推行排污权交易。记者从该省环保部门了解到,自2014年9月实行排污权交易以来,截至今年2月底,福建共举行48场排污权交易,累计741家企业参与交易,总成交1900笔,总成交金额40644.32万元。其中,二级市场总成交1723笔,占比90.68%;成交金额29052.23万元,占比71.48%。

如今,各地对排污权交易试点的工作正在加速推进。今年1月1日起,福建省全面实施排污权有偿使用和交易。而作为广东省的首批试点城市之一,佛山市4月1日起实施《排污权有偿使用和交易管理试行办法》,明确企业新建、改建、扩建项目需新增排污指标的,其指标数量应按照环评批复总量确定。

“排污权交易制度的精髓是用市场的手来引导排污权在企业间的流转,进而推进产业结构布局和调整,达到生态平衡。”福建省环境科学研究院高级工程师赵谞恺说,以前环境治理是外部成本,企业不愿意去做。现在企业为了自身利益,珍惜有限的排污权,减少了污染物排放。有了经济利益驱动,资源有价意识正在企业间形成,节能降耗排放从政府的强制行为变为企业自觉的市场行为,企业从“要我减排”转变为“我要减排”。

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