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中国首艘核潜艇:四川山沟里造出“核心脏”原型

2017-04-24 08:47:45   四川在线

1970年5月至7月,核潜艇陆上模式堆进入调试阶段。

在7月26日下午5时许,中国核潜艇陆上模式堆首次实现核能发电,至8月30日达到满功率运行。这是中国核动力发展划时代的一刻。


技术资料


两张照片两个玩具


20世纪70年代初,模式堆控制室。

中国第一代核潜艇091、092的总设计师黄旭华院士说,当时技术资料少得可怜,单位的领导就发动大家按照各自专业搜寻国外报道的蛛丝马迹,哪怕得到一张有参考价值的照片都如获至宝,反复琢磨研究。

黄旭华后来会议说,当时所有参与设计建造核潜艇的人员当中只有少数几人有几年仿制苏式潜艇的经验,而对核潜艇的认识几乎都停留在“核潜艇”三个字上。

“我们对核潜艇一点认识都没有,我们曾经讲只要把仿制苏联的常规潜艇给它剖开中间加个反应堆就可以了,就这么简单,后来一看根本就是两回事。”黄旭华说。

而当时设计者们手中所掌握的资料如今看起来颇为寒酸,只有两张模糊不清的核潜艇外形照片,和两个美国核潜艇的玩具模型。

黄旭华说,那两个玩具一个从香港带回来的,一个从美国带回来,两个玩具模型一小一大,可以拆开。

“我们拆开后反复搞,和我们画的图纸基本一致,这就更增加我们的信心了,中国朝这样方向做不会错。”黄旭华说。


1:1“木潜艇”


内部包含所有的设备模型


路上模式堆装堆现场。

由于核潜艇体积庞大,涉及难度大。在开始研制核潜艇时,我们只有仿制苏联的经验,而没有自行设计建造过。

为了能够稳妥推进,在完成图纸设计后,当时六机部决定设计建造一个1:1和核潜艇模型,希望功过这个模型,解决核潜艇上的所有设备、仪表、系统管路、电缆的合理布置和精确定位问题。

1966年底,模型的制作工作开始。

全艇的大小机电设备由北京、锦州等地的模型加工厂按照图纸的实际尺寸进行加工。千余名设计人员和工人经过2年多的时间,用木头、金属、塑料和纸板等材料与1969年底,建造了一座1:1的核潜艇木模型,里面包含了核潜艇内部实际应有的所有设备模型。

核潜艇的设计人员就是根据这个模型,不断进行模拟演练,为首艇设备安装提供了样板。

1970年4月,首制核潜艇进入设备安装阶段。

1970年12月26日,在毛泽东77岁生日这天,我国自行研制的第一艘鱼雷攻击型核潜艇下水。1971年8月23日,开始进行航行试验。

1974年8月1日,中央军委发布命令:将第一艘核潜艇命名为“长征一号”,正式编入海军战斗序列。

中国成为当时全球5个拥有核潜艇的国家之一。

(原标题:揭秘中国首艘核潜艇研制过程:四川山沟里造出“核心脏”原型)

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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