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中国首艘核潜艇:四川山沟里造出“核心脏”原型

2017-04-24 08:47:45   四川在线

(原标题:揭秘中国首艘核潜艇研制过程:四川山沟里造出“核心脏”原型)

当时夹金县山沟里基地的草棚食堂。

封面新闻-华西都市报记者王国平实习生周梓莹

虽然中国核潜艇计划起始于1958年,但因为在1965年8月中央专门委员会召开了第十三次会议,启动核潜艇工程,因而这次会议被视为中国第一代核潜艇正式开始研制的时间。但在此前,设计者们一直在进行技术准备。

1970年12月26日,在毛泽东77岁生日这天,我国自行研制的第一艘鱼雷攻击型核潜艇下水。

核反应堆

四川山沟里造出“核心脏”原型

陆上模式堆外景。

核潜艇,最重要的是潜艇内的核反应堆,这是整个潜艇的动力之源。

为建第一代核潜艇陆上模式堆,1965年9月在成立了代号为909的潜艇核动力研究设计基地,这就是日后的中国核动力研究设计院。

所以1965年,也被称为是中国核潜艇研制道路上的重大转折点。

陆上模式推又叫原型堆,就是在潜艇的核反应堆正式装备之前,要在路上建造一座尺寸和性能一样或相近的反应堆进行试验。

经过1965年的两次中央专委会的决定,核潜艇动力研究基地研究设计基地以及核潜艇模式堆的地点最终选在四川省夹金县的一个山沟里。

1966年2月,工程队开进这座山沟。

2005年,当时基地的主要负责人之一赵仁恺,接受《人民日报》的采访时曾回忆了当时的艰苦开荒:白天,上山打柴,下河挑水;晚上,蚊叮虫咬,还要在煤油灯下作设计,夜里蛇鼠绕床的险象也时有发生。

当时,赵仁恺也从北京调到四川“三线”,一去就是20年。在上世纪八十年代中期,当他再从四川山沟回到北京时,和妻子两地分居了20年,期间只有出公差机会到北京才能见一面。

到1969年底,当时最先进的技术,就是靠着这样的奉献精神在这千年未变的山沟里建立起来。

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