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F-35单价2倍于歼-20!港媒解析2款5代机谁更强

2016-12-18 08:27:12   参考消息

参考消息网12月16日报道 香港《南华早报》12月15日发表题为《美国F-35战机和中国歼-20:哪个更好、更便宜、更隐形?》的文章,作者为克丽斯廷·黄,编译如下:

美国当选总统唐纳德·特朗普12日说,建造美军下一代战斗机——F-35联合攻击战斗机的成本已然“失控”。

在美国经济不景气之际,特朗普的批评披露了美国政府与F-35战斗机的设计者和制造商洛克希德-马丁公司达成的昂贵的协议,生产成本已超过4000亿美元,从而使得这一飞机成为军队历史上最昂贵的武器系统。

相比美国的F-35战斗机,中国最新的歼-20战机要便宜得多。

以下是两种战斗机的简单比较。

资料图:歼-20在珠海航展上进行双机飞行表演。

首次披露是什么时候?

F-35首次亮相是在2006年12月15日。在十年后的2016年8月2日,美国空军宣布其首个F-35A战斗机中队已作好战斗准备。这一第五代战斗机是为实施地面攻击和执行空中防御任务而设计的。

歼-20隐形战斗机首次公布是在2011年。今年11月在珠海航展上,歼-20进行了首次公开飞行。据信,它是中国军队正在研制的最先进的战斗机。

它们长什么样以及各自的特点?

F-35是单座、单引擎,全天候隐形多用途战斗机。美国助理空军部长负责采购的帮办马克-沙克尔福德称,其设计初衷是成为美国“最好的空中杀手,它拥有最尖端的信息处理能力、合成孔径雷达一体化技术和先进的目标认知系统”。

洛克希德-马丁公司称,F-35拥有近程和远程空对空作战能力,较F-22战斗机在灵活性、先进的传感器和信息联合方面享有优势。

中国最新一代战斗机歼-20是双引擎单座隐形战斗机。它拥有长而宽的机身可以进行武器和燃料存放,它似乎拥有三个内部的武器仓——两个较小的武器仓用于存放短程导弹,另外一个较大的武器仓用于存放远程空对空导弹和空对地弹药。

英国皇家联合军种国防研究所专门研究空中作战力量的研究员贾斯汀·布朗克11月说,相比美国的第五代战斗机,歼-20航程更长,可载更多的燃油以及拥有更大的武器仓。

这一新武器的许多特点依然无从知晓,因为中国军队不愿意提供关于歼-20的更多细节。

这两种战机隐形情况如何?

与美国之前的战斗机不同,F-35是隐形设计。它是使用可吸收雷达的材料制成的,比之前的机型更耐用,还不需要太多的维护。

但是,与其他隐形战斗机一样,F-35仍容易被低频雷达探测到,比如那些用于民用航空交通管制的雷达。然而,低频雷达无法提供足够详细的坐标,来引导导弹击中目标。

歼-20的鼻椎和座舱盖都使用了类似F-22的隐形设计,从而使得其前部的隐形性能大大提升,但是,侧面和尾喷口仍然面临暴露在雷达中的风险。

这两种战机有多贵?

F-35有三种型号,最便宜的一款F-35A最新的合同价格是9800万美元一架,不包括发动机。根据官方估算,大批量生产后,价格会降至8500万美元一架。

据估算,歼-20的价格应该在3000万美元到5000万美元一架。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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