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媒体:体检入医保 国家对员工健康权维护应提上日程

2016-12-12 04:21:24   

日前,中国工程院院士、北京大学医学部主任詹启敏教授在首届健康中国高峰论坛上呼吁:我国有关部门对于将体检费用纳入医保的事宜,“应尽早有一个合理安排,并制定出时间表”。这已不是首次见到权威专家类似的议政建言,针对的正是社会普遍关注的亚健康、慢性病问题,而一段时间以来的数位中青年业务骨干“过劳死”,更加剧了各界对这一建议的支持与期待。

从新闻界的笔杆子,到工程界的技术男,从高校教师到“白衣天使”,屡见报端的“过劳死”概括起来大抵有这样几个特征:一是年轻,无论男女都在35岁上下,正处于家庭和事业爬坡过坎的关键期;二是无前兆,一般不是什么太大、太要命的病,大都是突发的加班压力诱发的猝死;三是完全能够“治未病”,既可以通过锻炼以及定期体检排查,也离不开各方面压力的有效缓解,尤其是,非正常连续加班已成了过街老鼠般的“第一杀手”。

詹教授的建议,为此给出了具体的经济政策出路。以往对此的建议无非是个人注意、呼吁企业文化革新,往往难以操作,最终不了了之。但是,当我们从经济层面透视“过劳死”问题,无非就是个体劳动者与组织之间的关系平衡。一方面,拼命加班是不正常企业激励制度的反映,需要劳动监察部门经济处罚手段的介入;另一方面则要看到劳资之间天然的对立关系,需要考虑外部的政府干预。

比如,詹教授提出的体检费用纳入医保,便是一个明例。医保的支出主要来自个人缴费、企业缴费、国家转移支付等统筹,实际上是公权力介入市场经济的良性过程。如果建议成行,则标志着国家强制力对企业员工健康权的积极维护。再进一步,对大病、特殊病、慢性病以及特殊岗位的体检监护,也要提上日程,有些常年夜班、常年高空高海拔作业劳动者的权益,更要依法强制维护。

说到底,健康权关系劳动者的基本权益,也是劳动力再生产合格与否的重要标志,更关系着一家企业的长期发展。心系员工,主动来缓和劳资关系、追求劳资和谐与劳资两利的公司治理结构,才值得称道,才有可能在竞争环境中谋得长期生存与发展。当然,企业家在商言商,过分的道德要求并不靠谱。只有外部力量通过经济杠杆的运作,把保险、罚款,甚至税收与信贷的奖惩充分运用起来,才能把该发的夜班费、加班费强制催发到位,倒逼不人道的劳动方式消亡。

从更宏观的视角来看,过度加班、“猝劳死”以及对普通劳动者权益的漠视,是大多数工业化国家经历的发展阶段。某种意义上说,也是市场经济追求效率不可避免的先天性疾病。走出这个阶段,治愈这种疾病,最好的药剂就是对劳资关系平衡的法律保护。企业把目光放长远,劳动者别心急一时,政府部门有所作为,“体检入医保”等建设性意见才能越来越多,逐步落地生根。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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