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资料图:中国老年人。新华社记者李欣摄
原标题:媒体:中国“生育荒”加速老龄化人口结构矛盾突出
参考消息网12月4日报道境外媒体称,尽管中国已经全面放开“二孩”政策,但持续数十年的计划生育政策已经结出了果实。对于经济增长而言,不利的人口结构还在持续。
生育率全球最低敲警钟
据俄罗斯卫星网11月28日报道,中国国家统计局数据显示,2015年的总和生育率仅为1.05,而这个数据比必要的人口更替生育率低两倍,《人民日报》称这意味着中国生育水平是全球最低。
报道称,目前,中国已经敲起警钟,寻找改善国家人口状况的方法。不然的话,中国将面临困难时期。传统上,中国孩子在赡养老人方面作用极高,如果是一个孩子,那么他们可能经受养老和照顾自己家庭的双重负担。2011年中国进入人口高峰,2012年,历史上首次出现缺乏345万劳动力的情况。据官方预测,到2035年,有劳动能力人口数量将缩减11%,而退休人员数量却要增加14%。
另据香港《东方日报》网站11月28日报道,内地人口老化、劳动力下降等人口结构转变逐渐显现,但专家预测,全面二孩政策的实施或将使中国总人口规模的峰值延后3年左右,于2028年前后出现,达到14.5亿人。
国家卫计委副主任王培安表示,内地劳动年龄人口规模虽然下降,但是经济活动人口和就业人口的数量仍然持续增长,劳动力供给并没有减少。他指出,在当前及今后一个时期,中国处于人口发展深度转型期,要重点研究如何化解人口总量与结构矛盾,如何保持适度生育水平,如何创建生育友好的制度环境,促进人口长期均衡发展。
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