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超1800!哈尔滨一环境监测点PM2.5数值爆表

2016-11-09 08:53:32   科技日报

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原标题:1800!哈尔滨PM2.5爆表谁之过?

近日,哈尔滨市北郊一个大气环境监测点PM2.5数值超过1800!

如此数值,让常年做气象环境监测工作的“老司机”也惊叹不已。事隔3天,当国家气象中心环境气象室高工桂海林向科技日报记者提起这个数值时,依然觉得不可思议。“即便春节燃放鞭炮,PM2.5数值都没有这么高,这实在是高的离谱了。”

“不会是监测仪器出了问题?”记者问。

“为了确保数值可靠,我们也与周边其他监测站点进行了比对。数值虽然没有这么高,但也都突破了1000。另外,我们还调取了气象卫星资料进行对比,发现附近有多个高热源火点,根据图像和数值分析,应该是农田焚烧秸秆。

上周重污染天气从黑龙江开始,最终跨越1600多公里,波及7个省30多个城市,多个城市“爆表”,污染程度之重、影响范围之广为历年少有。

东北地区相继有10个城市的空气质量指数(AQI)达到最高值500,其中黑龙江哈尔滨市、绥化市和大庆市等3个城市“爆表”持续时长分别为14小时、23小时和24小时(AQI值最高500,超过这一值称为“爆表”)。

桂海林告诉科技日报记者,我国大气环境监测站点主要由环保部门和气象部门管理,环保部门的站点主要集中在城市,而气象部门的站点分布比较广,城郊、农村都有,污染源如果是农田焚烧,我们气象部门监测到的数值会更高一点。

11月6日晚,环保部召开会议会商重污染成因,认为此次东北、华东地区大范围的污染过程,始于11月3日—4日黑龙江省哈尔滨、绥化和大庆一带,当地冬季燃煤采暖和生物质燃烧排放是导致区域性大范围重污染的“元凶”。

11月7日,环保部卫星环境应用中心检测数据显示,2016年10月31日至11月6日期间,环境卫星共监测到秸秆焚烧火点756个,其中黑龙江省以580个火点数稳居第一,占此次监测到全国火点总数的76.7%,远超第二名山西省的66个火点数。

其实,今年10月,黑龙江省印发《黑龙江省禁止野外焚烧秸秆改善大气环境质量实施方案》,将哈尔滨市、绥化市等区域划为秸秆禁烧区。

该方案中鼓励在各地新建城区推广利用秸秆成型燃料锅炉供热(供蒸汽)替代现有燃煤锅炉,实行秸秆禁烧周报告制,在紧要时期实行日报制。

有专家分析认为,秸秆焚烧是当地农民惯性行为,虽然近年来东北地区改为燃气供暖,秸秆不再需要作为柴火燃烧,但大多数农民图省事儿依然就地燃烧。

这两天随着冷空气南下,大部地区的雾霾消散。但根据中央气象台预报,本周后期由于大气环流再次进入静稳状态,雾霾还会卷土重来。

桂海林解释说,目前正处在秋冬季节转换时期,天气特点就是大雾、浓雾多发。由于空气中湿度较大,会让平常以干粒子形态呈现的霾,快速吸湿,不仅造成能见度转差,也会加重污染物的浓度,让空气质量进一步恶化。因此,一定要更严格管控污染源排放。

中国环境科学研究院研究员柴发合表示,此次重污染过程从东北地区的哈尔滨开始,沿哈大线一路向西南偏南方向传输,直至山东半岛、江苏和安徽北部,波及范围如此之广,必须要进行各地各部门联防联控。只有厘清各地相互影响,切实落实责任,才能有效应对区域性重污染天气。(科技日报北京11月8日电)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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