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我国新一代航天发射场正式命名“文昌航天发射场”

2016-11-03 21:17:33   新华网

新华社海南文昌11月3日电(记者李国利、王婷)我国在海南建设的新一代航天发射场,日前正式命名为“中国文昌航天发射场”。这是我国自主设计建设的第一座绿色生态环保、完全对外开放的现代化新型航天发射场,将开启我国发射大推力运载火箭的新征程。

中国文昌航天发射场,是为适应我国航天事业可持续发展,满足新型运载火箭和未来航天器发射任务需求,经国务院、中央军委批准立项,2009年9月开工建设的我国新一代航天发射场,由测试发射、测量控制、通信、气象、技术勤务保障等五大系统组成,主要承担地球同步轨道卫星、大质量极轨卫星、大吨位空间站、货运飞船、深空探测器等发射任务。

中国文昌航天发射场主要位于海南省文昌市龙楼镇,占地16000余亩,按照新的测试发射模式,建有长征五号和长征七号两型运载火箭发射工位、垂直总装测试厂房和水平转载测试厂房,航天器总装测试厂房、航天器加注扣罩厂房、指挥控制中心等,是一座发射能力强、运载效率高、射向范围宽、安全可靠、生态环保、利于国际合作、世界一流的现代化新型航天发射场。

中国文昌航天发射场蕴含多项技术创新。面对高温高湿高盐雾、强降雨强台风强雷暴等沿海气候条件,采用综合控制与防护技术,攻克了地基止水、建筑抗风、防腐防雷等一系列工程施工技术难题,实现了复杂自然条件下重大工程建设的突破;全面采用液氢、液氧、煤油等无毒无污染新型推进剂,集约化设计两型火箭垂直转运轨道,实现了生态型环保型发射场建设的突破;采用“新三垂一远”测试发射模式,攻克了新型运载火箭推进剂贮运、加注、控制等技术难关,实现了大推力火箭发射能力的突破;运用自主可控的国产软硬件开发平台、一体化试验任务组织指挥平台和自动化运行测试的发射场运行管理系统,实现了组织指挥一体化、操作使用远程化、信息管理网络化和技术保障智能化。另外,多弹道窄窗口发射、零秒脱落和线性分离等技术的应用,极大满足了发射需求,有效提高了发射可靠性。

与酒泉、太原、西昌等内陆发射场相比,中国文昌航天发射场具有更加靠近赤道、三面临海、射向范围宽等突出优势。它的建成和投入使用,形成了我国沿海内陆相结合、高低纬度相结合、各种射向范围相结合的发射场格局,使我国航天发射场整体布局更为合理、体系更为完善;将我国近地轨道(LEO)运载能力提升到25吨、地球同步转移轨道(GTO)运载能力提升到14吨,进一步缩小了我国与国际先进水平的差距,推动了我国由航天大国向航天强国的跨越发展;基本满足国内外的卫星发射各种轨道要求,可发射的航天器种类多,进一步提高了商业发射竞争能力,促进了国际合作和扩大对外航天发射服务。同时,随着中国文昌航天发射场建成投入使用,对于推动航天科普资源发挥最大社会效益,服务“一带一路”战略,促进海南经济社会建设,具有积极意义。

中国文昌航天发射场由北京特种工程设计研究院负责总体工程设计、北京某特种工程技术安装总队和9家国家特级企业具体承建,海南省地方政府负责配套建设市政道路、港口码头、供水供电等基础设施。发射场于今年6月25日成功发射了长征七号运载火箭,11月3日发射了长征五号新一代大推力运载火箭,明年上半年将发射“天舟”货运飞船。未来,我国的探月工程三期飞行器、现代化空间站等都将在这里发射升空。

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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