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中国科学家小苏打"饿"死癌细胞 突破肝癌疗效差瓶颈

2016-09-25 06:59:53   光明日报

我科学家用小苏打“饿”死癌细胞

本报杭州9月24日电(记者严红枫通讯员方序)浙江大学医学院附属第二医院肿瘤研究所胡汛教授和他的团队,从一种新的治疗理念出发,用小苏打“饿”死癌细胞,突破了肝癌疗效差的瓶颈。

9月24日,胡汛接受本报记者专访时说:“癌细胞也需要‘吃’东西才能生存和生长,剥夺癌细胞赖以生存的葡萄糖,肿瘤细胞就会‘饿’死。”经过多年研究,胡汛和他的团队发现了癌细胞轻易饿不死的原因,找到了用小苏打“饿”死癌细胞的方法,并在肝癌治疗中取得良好效果。

从1982年开始从事肿瘤相关研究的胡汛和他的团队做了一系列实验:把肿瘤细胞放在培养基中,逐一抽走里面的营养物质,当把葡萄糖抽走时,不出两天,肿瘤细胞都死光了。也就是说,癌细胞的主食是糖。胡汛解释说,葡萄糖主要来自血液,而肿瘤细胞的血管发育不良,糖的供应其实非常少。在供应非常少的情况下癌细胞还能疯长,这说明癌细胞对葡萄糖的利用率很高,或者它有其他“帮手”。这个“帮手”是谁?经过一系列筛查,研究人员最后锁定了乳酸。

乳酸会分解成乳酸阴离子和氢离子。胡汛说:“这两个因子协同作用,使得肿瘤细胞在葡萄糖含量很少时,非常节约地利用;在没有葡萄糖时,进入‘休眠’状态,一旦恢复供应,立即恢复生长状态。”对癌细胞来说,乳酸阴离子和氢离子,如果少了任何一个因子,就会被“饿死”。要杀死癌细胞,只要在葡萄糖缺乏的前提下,去除两个因子中的任何一个就可以了。

用什么方法可以去除乳酸阴离子或者氢离子呢?

研究人员想到的方法,道理其实不难,就是初中化学中就讲过的“酸碱中和反应”。用碱,比如小苏打(碳酸氢钠),就可以去除氢离子,碱和氢离子结合,形成不稳定的碳酸,很快就可以溶解在血液中;乳酸阴离子落了单,难成气候。这时候,再想办法断了葡萄糖的来路,就可以很快把肿瘤杀死。

胡汛团队的研究成果,发表在2012年的国际学术刊物 Journal of Pathology(《病理学》)杂志上。

胡汛团队和浙医二院放射介入科晁明教授团队合作,在40位中晚期肝癌病人身上尝试了这种新的治疗思路。从2012年开始,他们采取了将常规治疗方法“动脉插管化疗栓塞术(cTACE)”和小苏打结合的方法:注射碳酸氢钠,让癌细胞狠狠健个身,把储备消耗掉;然后,堵上血管,断了补给,饿死癌细胞。他们把这个疗法命名为“TILA-TACE”,意为靶向肿瘤内乳酸的TACE。

40位原发性肝癌病人在接受“TILA-TACE”治疗后,客观反应率100%。而国际上综合报道,cTACE治疗的平均客观有效率为35%。据介绍:目前初步统计,病人的中位生存期已超过三年半;后续还需要大样本的随机对照研究,如果证实有效,对肝癌治疗来说,确实是一个飞跃。

(光明日报严红枫方序)

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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