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汤森路透发布2016诺奖预测 两位华人科学家入选

2016-09-22 11:44:54   澎湃

麻省理工学院的华裔科学家张锋。

香港中文大学的卢煜明。

原标题:汤森路透公布诺奖预测名单,两位华人在列

据汤森路透(Thomson Reuters)9月21日消息,2016年引文桂冠奖(Citation Laureates)得主名单出炉。已经成功预测出39位诺奖得主的引文桂冠奖名单这次再推24位科研精英,让今年诺贝尔奖结果隐约可见。值得注意的是,有两位华人科学家位列席上。

汤森路透是使用定量数据来分析和预测年度诺贝尔奖得主的机构。每年,汤森路透都会根据来自其引文数据库Web of ScienceTM的数据进行定量分析,以确定诺贝尔奖颁发的学科领域(即:医学、物理、化学和经济学)中最具影响力的科研人员。这些高影响力的科研人员会被授予汤森路透“引文桂冠奖”。

这一奖项始于2002年,被授予“引文桂冠奖”的科研人员,同时也被预测为最有可能成为今年或不久后的诺贝尔奖得主。截止到2015年已成功预测了39位诺贝尔奖得主,被誉为诺贝尔的“风向标”。

今年的引文桂冠得主中值得关注的有:物理学家方面有在激光干涉仪引力波天文台(LIGO)有重大研究的的罗纳德·W.P·德雷福(Ronald W.P. Drever),基普·索恩(Kip S.Thorne)以及雷纳·韦斯(Rainer Weiss),他们的研究让黑洞中引力波的探测成为可能;生理学/医学方面有,詹姆斯·艾利森(James P. Allison)、杰弗里·布鲁斯通(Jeffrey A. Bluestone)以及克雷格·汤普森(Craig B. Thompson),他们的研究解释了CD28和CTLA-4是如何激活T细胞的,同时而戈登·弗里曼(Gordon J. Freeman)、本庶佑(Tasuku Honjo )以及阿琳·夏普(Arlene H. Sharpe)阐明了程序性死亡分子-1(PD-1)的功能,这两个科研小组的发现促进了癌症免疫治疗的发展;经济学方面,奥利佛·布兰乍得(Olivier J. Blanchard)因其对宏观经济学的宝贵贡献,以及在经济波动与雇佣的决定因素著名。

此外,从2014年起,引文桂冠奖名单中已连续第三年出现华人科学家——来自麻省理工学院的华裔科学家张锋、来自香港中文大学的卢煜明均入选今年引文桂冠奖化学领域的获奖名单。张锋因其在老鼠和人类细胞中应用CRISPR-cas9 基因编辑技术获此殊荣;卢煜明则因其在孕妇血浆中检测到胎儿游离DNA,取得了无创产前检测的革命性成果而入榜,不久前他刚刚获得2016年未来科学大奖生命科学奖。截至今年,共有8位华裔科学家曾摘得汤森路透引文桂冠奖,首位获此殊荣的华裔科学家钱永健(Roger Tsien)在获奖当年(2008年)即得到了诺贝尔化学奖。

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