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是否大拆大建?三问北京打造五条城市通风廊道

2016-02-23 17:09:54   中国新闻网

“5条宽度500米以上的一级通风廊道”“多条宽度80米以上的二级通风廊道”……近日,北京将打造城市通风廊道治霾的消息引发热议。

通风廊道的规划设想缘何而生?沿线地区是否会大拆大建?北京雾霾会否吹向周边?新华社“新华视点”记者专访了北京中心城通风廊道系统构建项目组,独家揭秘通风廊道的规划始末及预期效果。

——一问:打造通风廊道有何科学依据?

北京市规划委副主任王飞此前透露,北京市正在利用通风潜力较大地带,完善中心城区通风廊道系统,此项工作也上升为北京市规划部门的重点工作之一。同时,国家发改委和住建部联合印发的《城市适应气候变化行动方案》已明确要求“打通城市通风廊道,增加城市的空气流动性”。

北京市城市规划设计研究院、北京市气候中心以及北京爱特拉斯信息科技有限公司组成了中心城通风廊道系统研究团队。

“通风廊道系统构建的主要目的是改善城市密集区的风热环境,缓解中心城区的热岛效应。在污染排放不减、气象条件不变的前提下,单靠通风廊道不能解决雾霾问题。但是可以肯定,中心城区通风廊道网络的形成对改善微气候有效,对促进污染物扩散有一定辅助作用。”北京市城市规划设计研究院规划研究室副主任何永说。

2012年监测数据显示,严重时,北京市城六区热岛面积已占到该区域总面积的77%。“这次规划选择有条件的地区构建‘南北通透’的通风廊道,通俗地说,就相当于‘穿堂风’。”何永说,通风廊道并不是要“造风”,而是让郊区的冷空气带更畅通地流动到市区,并把市区的热空气“换”走,从而有效降低市区的温度。

“冬季,北京地区的偏北风频率大约占到全年的40%,而且强度比较大。”北京市气候中心副主任房小怡介绍,基于上述原因,生态价值较高的偏北风为通风廊道主要引导的风,一级廊道方向走向与其一致,以南北走向为主。

近年来,国内广州、西安、南京、福州、香港等城市都在城市规划设计中提出过类似通风廊道的概念。例如,福州市规划了“一轴十廊、一门多点”的通风格局,已明确写进《生态福州总体规划》中。“风道就像人的经络一样,筋络不通,人就容易生病,城市也是这样。”福州市城乡规划局具体规划项目负责人说。

香港规划署制定的《香港规划标准与准则》中,专门有“空气流动”的章节做出详细规定,并提出“应沿主要盛行风的方向辟设通风廊,增设与通风廊交接的风道,使空气能够有效流入市区范围内,从而驱散热气、废气和微尘,以改善局部地区的微气候。”

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