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专家解读城市规划:大型道路不会穿过邻里单位内部

2016-02-22 16:44:34   澎湃

《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》(下称《意见》)近日印发,一条“中国原则上将不再建设封闭住宅小区”引发热议。

“我家大门常打开,开放怀抱等你……”

2月21日,据新华社报道,《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》(下称《意见》)近日印发,一条“中国原则上将不再建设封闭住宅小区”引发热议。

“出门就是道路小孩会不会不安全?小区安全性如何保障?停车问题如何解决?物业如何管理?”诸如此类问题层出不穷。

可以看到,《意见》第十六条中指出要优化街区路网结构。加强街区的规划和建设,分梯级明确新建街区面积,推动发展开放便捷、尺度适宜、配套完善、邻里和谐的生活街区。新建住宅要推广街区制,原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区。已建成的住宅小区和单位大院要逐步打开,实现内部道路公共化,解决交通路网布局问题,促进土地节约利用。树立“窄马路、密路网”的城市道路布局理念,建设快速路、主次干路和支路级配合理的道路网系统。街区这一概念发端于欧美,是一组建筑物与周边或其中的广场、街道、小公园、绿地等实体或空间的总称。

《意见》发布后,对于上述政策的接受度受到了不少人的质疑,对此,澎湃新闻采访了业内的专家做了相关解读。

中国城市和小城镇改革发展中心综合交通院发展合作部主任李德芬认为:打破封闭小区的根本目的是为打破大地块、大路网格局,形成有利于服务业发展、有利于人们出行的城市发展形态。

李德芬解释,此次政策主要从两方面来理解:一方面是新建住宅,另一方面是已建成的住宅小区和单位大院。对于新建住宅会在规划方案中就涉及,而对于一些老城区而言,则就需要和城市更新方面相结合。“打破封闭小区会使更多的界面临街,更有利于商业的发展。”

不过,李德芬也坦言,要推广街区制,确实存在很多前提问题,包括停车问题、物业管理问题以及住宅区内公共空间问题等,因此解决好以上问题是实现住宅街区化的前提。

在李德芬看来,对于新建住宅而言,在规划方案中可以选择配建地下停车场,而对于一些已建成的住宅小区和单位则可以选择合适的地方统一修建,集中停放。

对于大家较为关注的住宅区内公共空间的利益保障,李德芬提到了“邻里社区”的概念,她指出未来城市的发展应该是开放式的,街区式社区里有公共绿地、商业餐饮等完善的配套,更多的是为小区居民提供便利。同时街区式产生的交通道路也是服务性道路,大型的道路不会穿过邻里单位内部。

值得关注的是,打破封闭小区也不是一蹴而就的。李德芬表示,不同区位以及不同项目应不同对待,更多的还是和城市的总体空间布局、产业形态布局相匹配,不能一概而论,而应该有不同的解决方案。

中国城市规划设计研究院副院长杨保军的解读是,封闭小区是农耕文明的理念,一个个楼盘都是一个个小的独立王国,彼此不共联,公共服务设施不共享。但是现在的城市应该是开放的,以公共活动、公共空间作为特征。

对于已建成的住宅小区和单位大院,《意见》也提出要逐步打开,实现内部道路公共化。杨保军介绍,可以采取分步走的方式,第一步让行人穿过去,接下来是自行车,管理也要跟上,“现在物业管大门,未来是管大楼。每栋楼安全了,街道自然就可以开放了”。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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