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官媒:60%中国人视朝鲜为包袱 指其为“坏邻居”

2016-02-15 08:56:13   

原标题:社评:越来越多中国人正在转变对朝鲜看法

朝核问题正变得日益紧迫,且线索混乱。中国作为朝鲜的邻国,能够感受到越来越严重的压力和挑战。

中国民间对朝核问题的关注亦在增多,对朝态度则变得前所未有复杂。与抗美援朝有关的传统友谊,一些人仍在谈论的“朝鲜屏障说”,平壤不顾北京强烈反对反复核试验严重殃及中国国家利益,以及关于朝鲜政权“践踏人权”的种种传闻相互交织在一起,影响着中国人对平壤的看法。

一个很重要的动向是,越来越多的中国人不再视朝鲜为友好国家,其中不少人认为它是中国的包袱,还有的则直指其是“坏邻居”。两名通常支持不同对朝政策的中国学者在接受环球时报采访时都估计,有上述看法的国人比例大约在60%左右,也可能更多一些。

由于外交的高度专业性,民意显然不能作为具体外交政策的指挥棒。然而民意又是当代中国制定外交战略的基石之一。在中国外交机构深感处理朝核问题和对朝关系都很棘手的时候,我们认为有必要把对朝民意的这些变化作为一个事实指出来。

这种变化正逐渐改变中国对朝政策的真实舆论环境,也将转化成促使中国政府强化对朝制裁的压力。因为朝核问题怎么做都很难办,在半岛混乱和麻烦差不多的情况下,中国对朝政策与民意的吻合度越小,国家付出的政治代价就可能越大。

从民间的感受看,国家一方面在加大对朝制裁的力度,一方面在顾及中朝关系,这样的统筹过去一直受到主流民意的支持。但是一段时间以来民意逐渐发生倾斜,支持国家采取行动“让平壤为一意孤行感受到真正的痛”成为一种倾向。

诚然,中国民众“厌朝”并非根深蒂固的,与“厌日”不一样,前者相对容易化解。但是大部分中国人如今失去了“为朝鲜担待”的耐心和兴趣,如果平壤拒不改变自己的核政策,中国民间对朝鲜的积怨只会越来越重。

由于西方舆论的长期宣传,所谓朝核问题解决不了是因为“中国不肯制裁”,中国对平壤“太软了”等等说法影响了中国不少人。国内一些公知夸大中国对朝援助的规模,宣扬中国“输血养了个自己的对立面”,也影响了部分国人。由于官方在对朝问题上讲得不多,不少似是而非的论述常常成为舆论场上的抢手货。

朝鲜宁边核试验场离中国东北地区很近,这增加了朝核问题对中国国内的潜在爆炸性。

朝核问题正向更广泛的领域扩散,并有在极端情况下损害中国国内政治利益的潜在能量。那样的话,它就有可能不再仅仅是东北亚问题,甚至不仅仅是“外交问题”。对于它的这些扩散危险,中方需及早谋划对策。

对待朝核问题的总思路恐怕应是几害相权取其轻。美国的做法极其简单,就是不断加强对朝威胁,这招对朝不管用,美使用这招的真正目的似乎是拽紧韩国,实现强化对中国军事压力的更大战略效果。中国劝美朝韩都不太管用,我们最要防止被任何一方绑架,确保自己的机动灵活,维护自己所划底线的威严。

对待朝核问题不可技术化、细节化。只有大战略,大决心才能为主动权提供支持。一些流传多年的观念,如“朝鲜是中国的战略屏障”等等需要加以重新思考和评估。中国近代以来大多输在力量上,但我们通常不缺智慧和决心。新中国以来的对外战略回头看几乎每一个大步骤都是成功的,朝核问题不可能是我们迈不过去的坎。

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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