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东四:胡同“卸妆”复苏古都风貌

2017-09-14 10:50:51   北京日报

曾作为清代宝泉局东作厂的东四四条83号在本次修缮保护中拆除了大门两侧的两处违法建设,按照历史原貌恢复一座三间一启式的门楼及门内素芯一字影壁墙。

东四四条83号院修缮前照片。本报记者孙戉摄

开栏的话

蕴含着悠悠古韵的老城,是北京的金名片。擦亮这张金名片,推动老城整体保护与复兴,离不开一条条胡同、街区在整治中的尝试与探索。如今,整治已见成效,一批精品胡同涌现出来。即日起,本报开设专栏,记者将陆续走进这些精品胡同,探究整治的成功经验,以利后来者借鉴。

用钻子小心翼翼敲掉饰面砖,去掉水泥砂浆,露出原始墙面。用原材料制作的砖替换掉破损的砖,再用灰、沙混合勾上脱落的砖缝,给砖面刷上硅树脂进行保护……清华大学建筑设计研究院副教授朱旭,用了四天时间,让东四六条26号院面目不清的小门楼,露出了西洋门建筑的真实面目。接下来,朱教授还将用六七天时间,把这处民国时期的建筑修缮得更加真实、更加牢固。

这,是东城区在东四三条至八条文保区开展环境整治和风貌保护的一个片段。和以往追求整齐划一、修旧如新不同,此次整治修缮,强调把真正老的东西和现代的区别开来,卸掉这些年来给历史建筑“化的妆”。老胡同街区的历史风貌,正随着这些建筑的还原,一点点又回来了。

东四六条26号院,门楼是民国时期兴起的西洋门。但随着这些年的“涂脂抹粉”,原始的墙面已经消失不见了。

“以前的环境整治喜欢做加法,盲目的刷涂料、贴砖、加空调罩子什么的,看上去显得整齐划一,实际上是对不同时期建筑的莫大伤害。”东四文保区胡同修复责任设计师之一、北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院讲师惠晓曦说。这次整治与以往不同,首先要做减法,不但要拆除违法建设、封墙堵洞,还要把为了追求整齐划一强加给历史建筑的东西去除,让新旧建筑区别开来。

东四四条西口有一栋二层小楼,据说是1928年开业的“恒昌瑞记”,一家洋货行外加照相馆。这些年,早已变成大杂院。外墙,被刷上了深灰色的涂料,门口还盖起了卖饮料的小房子,完全失去了真面目。这次整治,拆了违建,去掉了外墙涂料,洋货行又恢复了红白相间的砖墙,门柱上的对联也还原如初。

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