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中国这个动作,为何能影响全球

2017-09-30 08:47:48   

日经新闻网近日报道称,粗钢产量占全球总产量一半的中国在最近2年里将累计淘汰1亿吨规模的设备,这一规模相当于日本1年的产量。而且,中国钢铁的出口量也减少了30%。从这篇报道看,全球钢铁供应过剩造成的“钢铁寒冬”出现回暖的迹象,国际行情趋好,主要归功于作为世界第一钢铁生产大国的中国,在钢铁行业去产能上动真格了。

中国钢铁行业 (图源:一财网)

大政方针

钢铁行业去产能是中国经济领域去产能的一个缩影。2015年以来,“三去一降一补”是供给侧结构性改革的标志性内容,其中去产能是首要任务,是重中之重。

2015年中央经济工作会议把去产能列为2016年五大结构性改革任务之首,并给出了路线图:必须发挥企业主体作用,必须对“僵尸企业”下硬刀子,必须坚持多兼并重组、少破产清算,以及做好职工安置工作,实现社会政策兜底。

2016年中央经济工作会议提出深入推进“三去一降一补”。在去产能方面,要继续推动钢铁、煤炭行业化解过剩产能。抓住处置“僵尸企业”这个牛鼻子,严格执行环保、能耗、质量、安全等相关法律法规和标准,创造条件推动企业兼并重组,妥善处置企业债务,做好人员安置工作;防止已经化解的过剩产能死灰复燃,同时用市场、法治的办法做好其他产能严重过剩行业去产能工作。

连续两年的中央经济工作会议,都把去产能作为来年经济工作的重点任务。去产能大政方针既定,关键是看如何去推动落实。

具体措施

钢铁和煤炭行业是去产能的重点关照对象。以这两个行业为例,看一看去产能的具体措施。其力度之大,可见一斑。

2017年4月,国家发展改革委发布《关于做好2017年钢铁煤炭行业化解过剩产能实现脱困发展工作的意见》以及《2017年钢铁去产能实施方案》和《2017年煤炭去产能实施方案》。国务院国资委及央企、20余个省市相继公布了去产能计划。

其主要做法包括:第一,分类处置“僵尸企业”,对于长期停工停产、连年亏损、资不抵债,没有生存能力和发展潜力的“僵尸企业”,加快实施整体退出、关停出清、重组整合。第二,严格执行环保、质量、技术、能耗、水耗、安全等法律法规、强制性标准和产业政策,依法依规提高相关标准,淘汰落后产能和消除冗余产能。第三,持续深入开展违法违规建设项目清理、淘汰落后、联合执法专项行动,加大环保、国土、质量、安全、能耗、水耗、工商等监管执法力度,坚决清理严厉查处违法违规产能。第四,更加严格控制新增产能,切实杜绝边减边增。第五,做好职工安置和社会稳定工作,确保职工有安置、社会可承受、民生有保障。

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