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危险!安倍舞剑 日本政局或将全面右倾化

2017-09-28 08:42:25   

日本首相安倍晋三上周宣布拟于本月28日解散众议院后,整个日本政坛风起云涌。安倍晋三的如意算盘在于,趁民进党内乱未息,在野党共斗乏力,细野-小池的新党立足未稳之时早启战端,使各种在野势力措手不及。而近期内阁支持率的持续回升给了安倍以破釜沉舟的底气。

日本首相安倍晋三

自民党方面,安倍在选举议题上,玩出左手减免教育费,右手提高消费税(由8%提至10%)的财税把戏,以期利用“育人革命”炒热少子化高龄化社会议题,转移民众对森友、加计学园丑闻以及修宪的视线。而内阁重要阁僚在大选临近之时纷纷踊跃站台,为安倍背书。在执政党一干人暗中笑看民进党退党潮之后,安倍内阁第一次重拳出击,向在野党疯狂亮剑。防卫相小野寺高呼“保卫和平”;外务相河野为“安保”呐喊;总务相野田宣称解散众议院与大义名分毫无违和感;五轮相(奥运相)铃木直言小池百合子应心无旁骛、专注于个人职守,不要搞砸了2020年奥运会。在前几日NHK举办的“日曜论坛”上,执政联盟之一的公明党也帮助安倍大撒安眠药,对着摄像机镜头呼吁“选择安倍,就是选择安定。”所谓司马昭之心路人皆知,安倍内阁这一番“集体舞”的最终目标,就是通过此次大选为安倍政权续命,以实现日本右翼势力的修宪“大业”。

在野党方面,自细野豪志脱离民进党后,细野派的民进党员纷纷退党。一时间,民进党内部分裂与混乱成为日本政坛一道晦暗的风景。退出民进党的细野集团一直与小池百合子、若狭胜等频繁接触,打算联合组建新党,名为“希望党”。虽然党名起的不伦不类,看起来毫无希望,但好歹创意无穷且野心不小,其目标直指自民党政权。小池希望借东京都知事选举的余威,乘胜追击,打出气势、打出影响、打出一大摞议席。如果此次选战中拉不来右翼选民的选票,至少可以圈粉民进党的部分选民。这种选票中心主义的民主政治正是日本政坛当前的常态。从政治倾向上看,小池、细野等人是典型的右翼政客,据NHK消息,本月19日,细野接受采访谈及安保相关法案时称,“由于存在北朝鮮导弹向关岛发射的可能性,可在朝鮮半島有事情况下提供后方支援;在日美共享完整数据的情况下,承认部分集体自卫权,可作为新党的因应措施。”

反观民进党,时至今日,该党仍然没有提出能够吸引国内民众的议题,却一直被安倍的选举动作牵着鼻子走。前原诚司反对安倍内阁的各种公开发言,包括继续对森友学园、加计学园等丑闻进行问责以追击安倍,与提出符合民众预期的施政纲领完全是两码事。显然,民进党被动地发出各种反安倍的号召,反而不断衬托安倍内阁的战略主动性。近几个月来,众多国会议员的退党,使该党此次选举形势颇为暗淡,甚至会有被“细(野)小(池)”联盟一举超越的可能。而前原诚司目前却提出尝试与细小联盟“连携”——为对抗自民党,民进党是否有必要选择与由自己部分退党党员参加的“希望党”进行联合,这实在是个非常有趣的现象。对积极支持“野党共斗”的日本共产党来说,前原的态度异常冷淡。换言之,“野党共斗”可能仅是日共的一厢情愿。那么,在可以预见的将来,一旦右翼第二势力“细小联盟”站稳脚跟,日本政坛再也不可能出现在野党团结反对右翼势力的有“力”局面——因为最大的在野党可能也属于右翼。

综上所述,这次选举的关键之处在于:

第一,经过此次众议院选举,日本可能出现第二个较大的右翼政党,即希望党。日本国内的右翼势力会进一步得到强化和扩展,并不断碾压大小选区内的左翼力量,日本政坛上的左翼将彻底边缘化。

第二,日本民进党在缺乏内部有效整合的情况下,如果此次选举未能取得较好成绩,该党将更加泡沫化;或者在核心层因选举失利发生坍塌后向右急转。这意味着日本社会右倾化将全面上升到国家政治层面,成为国家政治结构的基本形态,对日本国内的政治生态以及东亚地区的安全与稳定而言将是一个强烈的危险信号。

第三,不论选举结果如何,我们都可以看到,近几年来,日本国内某些别有用心的人充分利用朝核问题以及中国崛起,将外部假想威胁转化为内部选举议题的现象,他们通过不断地炒作相关话题,扩大日本社会心理危机,用外部“敌人”来换取国内选票。

文/文丰 南京大学历史学院博士

原标题:安倍舞剑志在修宪:大选前的日本政局

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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