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美要把第一岛链交给日本?拿中国说事,日美各怀鬼胎!

2017-09-25 08:23:34   

从军事上来分析,此种设想本身就蕴含着悖论。这一想定的前提是中国军队所谓“反介入和区域拒止”作战能力在中美冲突初期将美军逼出第一岛链,因此日本要承担第一岛链内的作战。问题在于,如果日本武装力量能够在第一岛链内独立作战,确保制空权和制海权,那么美军完全没有后撤和重整的必要,与日本自卫队并肩作战就足够了。换一个角度思考,在日本海空力量弱于美军在西太海空力量的情况下,面对高烈度海空作战,如果美军都因为一段时期内顶不住压力要从第一岛链出走,日本自卫队又能凭借何种力量打下去?

“西太”对美国更像战略“缓冲地”

值得一提的是,现代史上,美军形成并且落实这种在太平洋上这种“防守-反攻”的作战思想正是为了应对日本在西太平洋的长期侵略扩张。中日甲午战争后,日本海军的海上扩张促使美国下决心将夏威夷纳入美国领土,防止其落入日本之手。日俄战争后,日本在国家战略中直接把美国作为主要海上假想敌。一战期间,借列强忙于欧战无暇东顾,日本在东亚进一步坐大,一战结束后利用华盛顿海军军控条约赋予其在西太平洋的兵力和基地优势,加快对美海上作战准备;并在三四十年代最终走上了对中国进行大规模武装侵略,以及为了向东南亚扩张,与美国全面开战的道路。

太平洋战争初期,日本海军陆战队在涉水登陆时用浮筏运载重机枪。

因此,从十九世纪末期到太平洋战争爆发,美国海军一直在制定、推演和修正代号为“橙色作战计划”的对日海上作战计划。美军曾经考虑过在战争初期,舰队主力第一时间进入西太平洋,驰援菲律宾并保护美国在华利益。但一战后,随着技术发展和海上战略格局的变化,面对日军在西太平洋的兵力优势,尤其是依托海外基地部署的岸基航空兵和潜艇,美军认为此举毫无胜算。因此,美国海军明确了战争初期,面对日军攻势,必须放弃西太平洋,选择依托中太平洋的夏威夷等基地,并通过国内动员积蓄力量,逐步向西太平反攻,最终打败日本。在太平洋战争中,美军对日海上作战实践了这一战略。

当前中美关系的现状和趋势,与太平洋战争前的美日关系存在本质的区别。中美在海上不仅开展广泛合作,对于分歧和竞争也小心管控,并没有出现迎头相撞的态势。在这种情况下,日本决策者通过营造中美竞争升级,对抗加剧,触发大战的阴影来提升自身地位的设想,最终还是幻想。(作者/李晨,中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院研究员)

(以上言论系专家个人观点,不代表本网立场。)

原标题:美要把第一岛链交给日本?拿中国说事,日美各怀鬼胎!

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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