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民调显示美国政治分裂扩大至多领域

2017-09-11 13:47:10   参考消息网

核心提示:民调发现,美国的分裂远远超出华盛顿,延伸到了国家的文化、经济和社会结构等领域,两极分化早在特朗普总统当政之前就已经开始。

参考消息网9月11日报道 

美国《华尔街日报》网站9月6日刊发题为《民调显示,美国的政治分裂在扩大,并且持续存在》的文章称,该

报与全国广播公司新闻组最近开展的一项社会趋势调查发现,美国的分裂远远超出华盛顿,延伸到了国家的文化、经济和社会结构等领域,两极分化早在特朗普总统当政之前就已经开始。

文章称,这些发现有助于解释为何当前的政治分裂格外难以调和。认同任意一党的人不仅在政策方面越来越多地持有不同意见,而且生活在社会和文化价值观迥然不同的孤立世界里,甚至从党派角度看待他们的经济前景。

政治分化由来已久

文章称,这种严重分裂体现在一系列议题和态度上:声明自己从不去教堂的民主党人是共和党人的两倍,支持采取行动应对气候变化的民主党人是共和党人的8倍。有1/3的共和党人表示支持全国步枪协会,而只有4%的民主党人持这种态度。有3/4以上的民主党人说,他们乐于接受增强了美国多样性的社会变化,但只有不到1/3的共和党人这样表态。

此外,调查发现,就连美国人对经济、国家走向和未来的看法都与他们对现任总统的态度密切相关。

文章称,与民主党民调专家弗雷德·杨共同开展此次调查的共和党民调专家比尔·麦金塔夫说:“我们的政治倾向完全支配了我们对美国经济和现状的看法。政治两极分化并非新生事物。特朗普治下的分化程度是二三十年来发展趋势的必然结果。”

民调发现,地理位置和教育程度的不同引发了严重分裂。乡村美国人和没有受过高等教育的人显然对经济更悲观,在社会议题上也更保守。这些群体在共和党当中占据了越来越大的比例。

选民分化更加严重

文章称,通过人们对总统的看法可以知道,选民的分化程度比二三十年前严重得多。在比尔·克林顿之前,对新总统的跨党派支持率始终保持在40%以上。克林顿1993年就职8个月后,只有20%的共和党人认可他的表现。就贝拉克·奥巴马而言,当他2009年出任总统8个月时,共和党人对他的支持率仅为16%。

这种趋势在特朗普治下得到了延续和强化。近几个月以来,他在美国人当中的总体满意率保持在40%左右,但民调发现,只有8%的民主党人认可他的工作。相形之下,有80%的共和党人认可他。

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