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丈夫喊三句"休妻"就可离婚,印度这项千年习俗被废了

2017-09-05 15:01:51   瞭望智库

英国人之前,南亚次大陆并没有印度共同体这个概念。今天的印度国,是把次大陆上各式各样的“小世界”硬塞在一个篮子里,纳入一个政治体系。这个纳入的过程不算快,于是我们今天还能看到各式各样的前现代世界的样本,就像本文提到的离婚习俗,男人几句话就可以休妻。这简直就是文明规训的活化石。

文|陆晨

Shayara Bano是一位印度穆斯林女性,她与丈夫分居两地长达15年之久。然而就在去年,她收到了丈夫的信,是一封写了三个“Talaq、Talaq、Talaq”的休书,一并失去的还有孩子的抚养权。为此,Shayara一纸诉状将丈夫告到了法院,要求法院下令禁止这种不公的“三声塔拉克即时离婚”。

今年8月,印度最高法院的5名法官经过3个月商议,最终裁决“塔拉克离婚”违反了1950年颁布的印度世俗宪法,要求印度政府在六个月内为印度穆斯林群体出台新的离婚法。

△“塔拉克离婚实在是太野蛮了,大多数穆斯林国家都被禁止了,想不通印度为啥还有。”

印度穆斯林是印度最大的少数派宗教团体,遵循印度穆斯林个人法并受其管束。“塔拉克离婚”是穆斯林个人法的规定之一,指穆斯林丈夫可以通过说三次“塔拉克”(Talaq)这个词来和自己的妻子离婚。允许穆斯林男人仅仅通过口头方式便可以跟妻子离婚。连说三次塔拉克后,离婚所产生的法律效应当即生效。

据半岛电视台网站报道,在一些案例中,丈夫甚至不需当面对妻子说3遍“塔拉克”,他们也可以通过邮件、语音或文字的方式与妻子结束婚姻关系。这就表示,穆斯林妇女在Skype或WhatsApp等社交软件上就可以轻而易举地“被离婚”了。该离婚惯例来自伊斯兰教法,然而22个穆斯林国家都已禁止了这项惯例,包括巴基斯坦、沙特和孟加拉。但在有着世界第二大穆斯林人口的印度却依旧保留至今年8月才被下令宣布违宪。Hasina Khan是印度穆斯林妇女组织Bebaak Collective的创始人,她在“塔拉克离婚”被宣布违宪后表示,这是印度9000万穆斯林妇女的胜利,具有里程碑式的特殊意义。

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