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《洛杉矶时报》:美国正走向第二次内战吗?

2017-08-28 14:41:58   参考消息网

核心提示:美国政治的结构使其自然地倾向于两党制,但许多美国人显然对于这些制约因素深感愤怒。假使他们发起第二次内战,但没有人参加将会怎样呢?

参考消息网8月28日报道 美国《洛杉矶时报》网站8月20日发表作者杰西·沃克题为《美国正在走向第二次内战吗?》的文章称,美国政治的结构使其自然地倾向于两党制,但许多美国人显然对于这些制约因素深感愤怒。假使他们发起第二次内战,但没有人参加将会怎样呢?

文章称,关于第二次内战的老生常谈正在困扰美国。保守派专栏作家丹尼斯·普拉格今年1月宣称:“美国正在打第二次内战。”3月出版的《外交政策》杂志就爆发新内战的可能性对各种国家安全相关人士展开调查,他们给出的几率为30%左右。现在,《纽约人》杂志也向多名内战历史学家提出了同样的问题,他们给出了不乐观的意见,诸如“2000年小布什和戈尔的竞选没有引发内战,但当时我们或许已经很接近了。现在爆发一场内战也不无可能”。

不无可能?这是个很低的概率。在这些紧张过度的言论之下,当然有可能设想美国回到暴力时期,这正是部分内战预言家心中所想。但在不久的将来,敌对双方立场鲜明,并且发起一场规模如同葛底斯堡战役的战争,这个可能性与向月球宣战差不多。

文章称,这些“新内战”的故事经常采取一种“诱导上钩”的套路。它们在示威游行中激发暴力事件,就像上周末在弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市举行的示威活动那样,据报道当时一名支持纳粹主义的男子开车撞向反示威活动的人群,造成一名女子死亡。与此同时,它们谈论让“红色”美国与“蓝色”美国分裂的巨大分歧。如果你在小规模的暴力冲突与大规模的政治分歧之间看来看去,那么这些大规模的分歧就会显得更血腥。

文章称,然而,这只是一种错觉。“另类右翼”法西斯主义者和反法西斯左翼分子之间的两极分化与共和党和民主党之间的两极分化不可相提并论。普通共和党人与民主党人之间的分歧本身被夸大。斯坦福大学的政治学者莫里斯·菲奥里纳指出,红蓝两极分化的激化主要集中在政治阶层——政治家、活动家和赞助人等。然而,政治阶层的数量相当小,据菲奥里纳估计,约占全国人口的15%。

在政治圈之外,人们往往抱着各种各样的信念,这些信念不能被简单地归类为“保守主义”或是“自由主义”。公众舆论在一个问题上转向左(比如医疗保险),而同时在另一个问题上转向右(比如枪支),这种情况并不奇怪。那些红蓝地图看似显示了一个自我分裂的国家,但仅仅使用两种颜色会掩盖大量各种各样的不同观点。

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