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可“吞噬”一切潜艇!中国突破最强水下探测技术

2017-08-28 14:09:26   参考消息网

核心提示:英美无线电技术专家认为,中国这一发明或令北约潜艇在与中国交战时蒙受巨大损失,因为对中国而言,发现美国海军静音潜艇已不再是难题。

参考消息网8月28日报道 俄罗斯自由媒体网站8月26日发表弗拉基米尔·图奇科夫的文章《中国打造“吞噬”北约潜艇的“怪兽”,中国科学家接近实现潜艇革命》称,中国研制出超灵敏磁力传感器技术的消息令西方极为不安。英美无线电技术专家认为,这一发明或令北约潜艇在与中国交战时蒙受巨大损失,因为对中国而言,发现美国海军静音潜艇已不再是难题。

中国科学院研制的新型磁力仪可在数公里外捕捉到最微弱的磁场。这种仪器的基础是超导量子干涉仪(SQUID),利用了量子力学原理。SQUID能记录外部磁场影响下电子干涉情况的改变,这种改变具有非连续的阶梯式特性。

最早的SQUID于1964年由美国学者发明,很快被广泛用于矿产勘探、核工业及医学等领域并取得丰硕成果,原因是这种仪器的磁敏感度是普通磁力仪的数百倍甚至数千倍。

用SQUID侦测潜艇的想法早在上世纪就被讨论过。美国人最先尝试获取实用的解决方案,但其努力无果而终,相关试验随即结束。

上世纪美国构建的大型近岸反潜警戒体系“水下声波监听系统”(SOSUS)基于被动声呐技术。SOSUS始建于上世纪50年代,建成于上世纪60年代,覆盖了美国大部分近岸海域,并沿格陵兰-冰岛-法罗群岛-英国一线延伸。

美国的SOSUS是由大量水听器所组成的网络,这些水听器成批地连接在水下接收天线上,其获取的信号通过海底线缆传入岸上的信息处理中心。

SOSUS号称世纪工程。它对付第一、二代潜艇颇为有效,但当噪音大减的第三代核潜艇入役苏联海军后,该网络便难以发现和识别对手了,原因是其网络“空隙太大”,这是其声呐性能落后、铺设密度不足及数据处理算法不佳的结果。

1990年,美军曾在挪威海域进行SOSUS侦测第三代潜艇的试验,结果令人沮丧:该系统只能将目标锁定在“长轴216公里、短轴90公里的椭圆形区域内”。毋庸置疑,用SOSUS侦测第四代潜艇完全是徒劳。

文章称,中国在可预见的未来或将打造类似美国的水下反潜网络,但基于不同的物理原理。这将掀起潜艇革命,因为一旦中国的水下侦测网络建成,一切潜艇降噪努力均丧失意义。因为即便潜艇关闭发动机及所有设备,不发出任何声响,仍将被基于SQUID技术的超敏感磁力仪网络发现,这种网络将完全控制南中国海。

用SQUID侦测潜艇的技术极其复杂:这种敏感的仪器在实际使用中会迅速陷入背景磁力噪声之中,因为它会测到由太阳风暴引发的大量微弱地球磁场波动。据说,中国学者构建了一整片SQUID磁力仪阵列并开发出一套算法,可以比较各个磁力仪读数、过滤无关信号并确定潜艇位置。

专家们对此看法不一。澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织材料科学和工程学部主任凯茜·福利认为,中国率先在SQUID侦测潜艇方面取得了成功。

文章称,也有许多人认为这是夸大其词。他们在西方媒体的影响下坚信世界科学只“诞生于美国”。

但实际上,中国科学已处于很高水平,某些方面甚至领先世界。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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