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面对中国高铁的告诉发展,阴谋论者到底在想些什么?

2017-08-28 13:57:17   瞭望智库

8月20日,中国铁路总公司宣布,全国铁路将于9月21日实施新的列车运行图,届时,“复兴号”动车组将在京沪高铁率先实现350公里时速运营。这意味着,时隔六年,中国高铁迎来了350公里时代的回归。

六百多年前,郑和率领两万七千人船队完成“下西洋”远航壮举,六百多年后的今天,郑和联通世界的梦想依然延续着。中国高铁正驰骋在“一带一路”之上,让中国梦与世界梦接轨。

中国高铁被誉为改革开放以来中国发展出来的、唯一可以改变整个21世纪国际国内政治经济基本格局的战略产业,高铁不仅成为中国的外交名片,也日益成为新陆权的象征。那么,中国高铁如何才能赢得目标国乃至国际社会的高度认同?中国高铁会引导亚欧大陆进入一个新陆权时代吗?

文|徐飞西南交通大学校长

本文为瞭望智库书摘。

摘编自《纵横“一带一路”——中国高铁全球战略》,原标题为《中国高铁“走出去”的五大张力》,格致出版社出版,不代表瞭望智库观点。

1地缘政治张力:海权与陆权

众所周知,16世纪以来海权日益成为世界大国的关注重心,海权对于一个国家的强大至关重要,中国近代以来的历史屈辱也与海权旁落紧密相关。早在1524年,西班牙征服者埃尔南·科尔特斯就有一个论断:谁控制了海洋之间的通路,谁就可以成为世界的主人。掌握海路不仅意味着对商路的把控和地利的控制,更决定着一个国家的对外军事输送能力。为此,各国以海洋为中心展开激烈角逐,争取各自的海洋权益进而成为世界强国。

实际上,美国就是当今唯一具备全球海军军事投射能力,并且能够切断主要“海上交通线”的头号大国。但是,当中国高铁由“路权”支撑“陆权”且被赋予“新陆权时代”的象征意义时,人们有理由相信,以海洋、航母为支点的海权时代,必将因中国高铁“走出去”而得以改变。

推进中的中国高铁“走出去”包括欧亚、中亚和泛亚三个战略方向。欧亚高铁的修建,不仅可以改变中国长期以来对外贸易对海运的依赖,更为重要的是向西打通陆上通道,形成向大西洋(600558,股吧)开放的新格局。

中俄共建的欧亚高速运输走廊重要组成部分——“莫斯科—喀山”高铁,未来还将继续向东延展,经俄罗斯叶卡捷琳堡、哈萨克斯坦首都阿斯塔纳,直至中国境内的乌鲁木齐,并最终融入中国“八纵八横”高速铁路网络。这条线路不仅速度定位于400公里/小时,还实现了自动变轨转向,其与中国国家主席习近平倡导的“丝绸之路经济带”、俄罗斯总统普京倡导的“欧亚经济联盟”在构想上高度契合,是“新陆权时代”的重要支点。

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