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让隐形资产“见光死”的政策来了,你怕不怕?

2017-08-14 15:06:42   侠客岛

“人的一生有两件事情不可避免,死亡和税。”最近,应该有不少喜欢在海外投资的人感受到了本杰明·富兰克林这句话的精髓。

去年年底以来,我们一直在关注中国企业跨境并购潮,以及各类民企疯狂海购背后,是否有向海外转移资产的嫌疑。但大家可能没注意,转移资产,并不只存在于企业并购层面。过去几年里,一些高净值个人和企业通过地下钱庄、境外保单、现金携带、设立影子公司等形式,非法规避了大量企业和个人所得税,将巨额的资产转移到了海外。

监管部门终于出手。今年5月9日,中国国税总局联合六大部委发布了《非居民金融账户涉税信息尽职调查管理办法》,承诺执行金融账户涉税信息自动交换标准(Common Reporting Standard以下简称CRS)。也就是说,在不久的未来,中国高净值个人或企业在海外的大部分金融账户信息都将被中国税务机构获知。

国税总局

背景

概念有些抽象,我们可以这样来理解。

假设,有中国居民在澳大利亚、英国、奥地利等国家拥有存款、股票等金融账户,过去对中国税务机关来说,这是块监管盲区,企业和个人就可能偷税漏税、洗黑钱。但是,假如现在这些国家可以互相交换非居民金融账户信息,再想做什么“小文章”就没那么容易了。

CRS在中国的落地的首要目的,毋庸置疑,是打击跨境逃避税和洗黑钱的行为。但问题是,这些现象在中国也不是什么新鲜事儿了,为什么监管机构要在这个时间节点上出手?

这还得说回资本外流的话题。从2014年6月到2017年1月,我国的外汇储备就从39232亿美元降到29982亿美元,整整缩水了25%,此外人民币贬值进一步加剧,企业和个人在海外的非理性投资也在急速上升。

根据招商银行与贝恩公司联合撰写的《2017中国私人财富报告》,2017年近60%高净值人群都有境外资产配置,而在2011年这一比例仅为20%。在过去的2015年、2016年,中国每年金融资产输出到海外的资本超过万亿元人民币。

拿比特币来说,由于比特币拥有去中心化(不依靠某个政府)的匿名性的特点,它能轻松提供一个类似于地下钱庄的平台,因此,在央行多方堵漏的情况下,比特币又逐渐成为中国投资者向境外转移资产的一种流行手段。从2014年开始,中国比特币交易市场开始主导议价权,内地市场交易量一度占全球比特币交易量的90%。

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