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多数险企资产负债错配
2017-08-11 07:51:34 中国经济网
针对复杂利率环境和市场竞争加剧形势下,保险业的投资收益波动加大与负债成本刚性的矛盾,保监会日前发布《关于征求对保险资产负债管理监管规则的意见及开展行业测试的通知》,要求财产险公司和人身险公司分别制定能力评估规则和量化评估规则,从长期经济价值、中期盈利能力、短期流动性和偿付能力底线等多个维度,综合评估资产负债匹配状况和管理能力,依据评估结果实施差异化监管,建立产品监管、资金运用监管和偿付能力监管协调联动的长效机制。
记者统计发现,目前,多数险企主要通过优化资产负债结构,匹配投资资产的期限和对应保险责任日的到期日来管理流动性风险。但普遍存在两类资产负债久期缺口,第一类是注重长期保障型业务为主的大型险企,这类险企资产久期与负债久期较长,由于负债平均久期大于资产平均久期,导致久期缺口较大,其资产负债存在一定错配。
泰康保险披露的信息显示,泰康保险流动性风险主要源于各种赔款,公司资产久期较为稳定,但由于保单期限较长,负债久期逐渐增加,2016年久期缺口约为11年,公司面临一定的再投资风险。从2017年一季度,泰康保险继续推进寿险业务的转型,销售长缴费期限、风险保障型的寿险产品,但由于受到资本市场波动的影响,公司投资收益大幅下降,从已公布的2017年一季度泰康保险大类资产配置占比来看,2016年投资净收益为264.57亿元,同比下降45.56%,导致净利润为84.00亿元,同比下降20.63%,盈利水平波动较大。
第二类则是险企资产久期与负债久期较短。前海人寿目前披露的数据显示,截至2016年末,公司资产平均久期为3.75年,负债平均久期为5.79年,资产负债久期较短。不过,2016年,前海人寿借款规模增长,数据显示,前海人寿2016年新增短期借款和长期借款共计68.39亿元,截至2016年末,公司总债务达126.59亿元,较2015年增长118.50%,债务水平大幅上升,同时保单退保增多,加大了流动性管理的难度。
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