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我国人体器官捐献、移植数创新高 器官分配公平公正

2017-08-08 10:44:50   央广网

央广网北京8月6日消息(记者潘毅)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,人体器官捐献,是一份“生命的馈赠”。一位公民在生命之旅抵达终点时,将器官无偿捐献,去点亮另一个濒临绝望的生命,实现无私大爱和生命接力。自2015年1月1日起,公民自愿捐献成为我国移植器官的唯一合法来源,现在每百万人口年捐献率比2010年增长100多倍。

目前,我国人体器官捐献数与移植数均位居世界第二,创历史新高,器官移植术后生存率也达到国际先进水平。昨天(5日),全国人体器官捐献与移植工作会议开幕,公民器官捐献体系将如何打造“中国模式”?怎样实现器官分配系统的公平公正?

器官捐献与移植,对于器官功能衰竭患者来说,无疑是一场生命接力。五年前,一位叫“文文”的农家女孩因病去世,她的肾脏、肝脏、心脏和眼角膜分别捐献给了6位素不相识的患者。今年清明节,文文的母亲徐萌仙收到了一份特别的礼物——来自受体患者发来的心跳声,强劲而有力,“五年了,还能听到我女儿的心跳,这是我没有想到的,听着我女儿文文的心跳,很欣慰。再加上这个人信里写,他现在过得很好。那就好了……”

像文文一样逝世后无偿捐献人体器官的捐献者,在2010年公民自愿捐献器官试点时仅34例,而2016年则达到了4080例,数量位居世界第二位。公民自愿捐献器官者6年间增长120倍。

国家卫生计生委医政医管局副局长郭燕红表示,“不仅在捐献者数量上实现飞跃,器官移植的手术质量和患者存活率等指标,也都位居世界前列。今年预期会超过去年。”

我国建立了信息化的监督平台,器官移植监管步入大数据时代。国家卫生计生委成立了肝脏、肾脏、心脏、肺脏4个移植数据中心和质量控制中心,与中国人体器官分配与共享计算机系统共同构成了中国器官移植管理的核心系统。

中国人体器官分配与共享计算机系统主任王海波介绍,“它能够为监管提供溯源性,器官从哪里来到哪里去全过程监控,这也是世界卫生组织的要求,每个国家必须提供器官的溯源性。”

随着人体器官捐献工作的推进,移植器官供给明显增加。而且,我国器官移植费用远低于西方国家,平均费用仅为美国的1/22至1/5。以心脏移植为例,我国平均费用约32万元,美国平均费用折合人民币约680万元。

中国人体器官捐献与移植委员会主任黄洁夫一直呼吁将器官移植纳入基本医保,“去年,我跟陈竺同志提出将肾移植纳入大病医保,现在国家也有积极的反馈,肾移植纳入大病医保,包括透析、免疫抑制药物,很多省份还包括了手术费用。”

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